Cell Processes

Question 1

Triglycerides

Answer 1

fats found in food, stored in cells that store fat

Question 2

2 transport proteins

Answer 2

carrier, channel

Question 3

Most diverse type of macromolecule - found everywhere in body

Answer 3

protein

Question 4

What is the purpose of carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Quick energy

Question 5

What process breaks down food during digestion

Answer 5

hydrolysis - using H20 to break down molecules

Question 6

What are broken polymers used for when they are absorbed

Answer 6

produce ATP and other material

Question 7

Metabolism

Answer 7

how fast your body is able to break down molecules and use it to build more molecules

Question 8

What wouldyour body need if it needs to make more cells

Answer 8

phosphlipids for the membrane

Question 9

Mr. Aliseo eats a Snicker, his body breaks it down, takes the glucose, and creates energy. If he eats 100 of them, his body will make extra energy, where will it go

Answer 9

a. stores the energy in the liver
b. rearrange atoms to create molecules like amino acids, nucleic acids

Question 10

How does the body send signals to the liver when it needs something that is stored there?

Answer 10

send a hormone called insulin

Question 11

What does it mean when calories are “burned”

Answer 11

the body is using it for energy

Question 12

What happens if you stop eating?

Answer 12

Body will start to east its own protein - muscles will shrink

Question 13

How does a glucose molecule get into a cell?

Answer 13

Needs a protein to transport it because it is a larger molecule

Question 14

What process is used to link multiple (ex.) glucoses to create a carb?

Answer 14

Dehydration synthesis

Question 15

example of dehydration synthesis

Answer 15

join glucose together to store it, remove H20 from monomer to create a larger polymer

Question 16

What are the 3 places H20 released during dehydration synthesis could go? (functions)

Answer 16

1. stay in the cell
2. go into the bloodstream
3. used for hydrolysis

Question 17

T/F, molecules bond during dehydration synthesis where the hydroxyl group is removed

Answer 17

T

Question 18

examples of simple carbs:

Answer 18

sugar, bread

Question 19

examples of complex carbs

Answer 19

fruits and vegetables

Question 20

carbs are made of:

Answer 20

made up of monomers of glucose

Question 21

what type of organisms can do photosynthesis?

Answer 21

photoautotrophs, they use light to make.

Question 22

where does glucose in plants come from?

Answer 22

photosynthesis

Question 23

reactants of photosynthesis

Answer 23

6 water, 6 carbon dioxide, sunlight

Question 24

what is the thing that allows for the process to occur?

Answer 24

chlorophyll

Question 25

products of photosynthesis:

Answer 25

glucose, 6 oxygen

Question 26

what is the main goal of photosynthesis?

Answer 26

produce glucose

Question 28

What are carbohydrates primarily used for?

Answer 28

Energy production

Question 29

How are carbohydrates categorized?

Answer 29

Into two types: * Simple carbohydrates * Complex carbohydrates

Question 30

What is a characteristic of simple carbohydrates?

Answer 30

Provide quick energy and are easy to break down

Question 31

What is a characteristic of complex carbohydrates?

Answer 31

Have more monomers in their polymer structure

Question 32

what are the 4 steps to getting energy out of carbs?

Answer 32

1. broken down with hydrolysis 2. Absorbed into bloodstream in the intestines 3. Goes into the cell 4. Used to create energy to use or store

Question 34

Unused glucose is stored as?

Answer 34

* Glycogen (in animals) * Starch (in plants) ## Footnote Glycogen is primarily stored in the liver and regulated by insulin.

Question 35

What regulates the storage of glycogen in animals?

Answer 35

Insulin ## Footnote Insulin helps to lower blood sugar levels.

Question 36

How does insulin lower blood sugar?

Answer 36

* Promoting glucose uptake by cells * Directing the liver to store excess glucose as glycogen ## Footnote Insulin plays a crucial role in maintaining blood sugar homeostasis.

Question 37

Fill in the blank: Unused glucose is stored as _______ in animals.

Answer 37

Glycogen

Question 38

Fill in the blank: Unused glucose is stored as _______ in plants.

Answer 38

Starch

Question 39

which can be used for more energy: simple or complex carbs?

Answer 39

complex

Question 40

through what process does yeast make dough rise?

Answer 40

fermentation

Question 41

what is the byproduct of fermentation that causes the balloon to expand?

Answer 41

C02

Question 42

what are the reactants of fermentation?

Answer 42

glucose

Question 43

what are the products of fermentation?

Answer 43

ATP, 2 C02, Ethanol

Question 44

What molecule is necessary for your body to get energy from food

Answer 44

oxygen

Question 45

How does the body get oxygen?

Answer 45

respiration (O2 in, CO2 out)

Question 46

Define cellular respiration

Answer 46

Release of energy from a cell

Question 47

What are the 2 types of cellular respiration

Answer 47

Aerobic and anaerobic

Question 48

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 48

process of turning molecules into ATP using oxygen

Question 49

What is the main cell organelle for aerobic respiration

Answer 49

mitochondria

Question 50

what are the 3 parts of aerobic respiration

Answer 50

1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs cycle 3. Electron transport chain

Question 51

What are the reactants for cellular respiration?

Answer 51

Glucose, 6 oxygen

Question 52

What are the products for cellular respiration?

Answer 52

~36 ATP, 6 CO2, 6 H2O

Question 53

Which is more effective, aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 53

aerobic

Question 54

What are two methods of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 54

Alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation *Sugar is broken down to release energy

Question 55

What are the reactants of fermentation?

Answer 55

Glucose

Question 56

What are the products of fermentation?

Answer 56

2 Ethanol, 2 CO2, 2 ATP

Question 57

When running, you don't get enough oxygen from breathing. How does your body cope?

Answer 57

- Muscles are short of oxygen - Aerobic to anaerobic respiration - causes formation of lactic acid

Question 58

What causes cramps and fatigue?

Answer 58

Build up of lactic acid

Question 59

T/F: Plants both make glucose in photosynthesis and break it down in cellular respiration

Answer 59

T

Question 60

What is needed from glycolysis for the Krebs cycle?

Answer 60

2 pyruvate

Question 61

What is needed from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle in order to start the electron transport chain?

Answer 61

NADH and FADH

Question 62

phospholipid bilayer of the chloroplast

Answer 62

outer membrane

Question 63

pancakes of the chloroplast

Answer 63

thylakoid

Question 64

contains chlorophyll

Answer 64

thylakoid membrane

Question 65

cytoplasm of thylakoid

Answer 65

thylakoid lumen

Question 66

stack of thylakoid

Answer 66

granum

Question 67

cytoplasm of chloroplast

Answer 67

stroma

Question 68

where do the light reactions take place

Answer 68

thylakoid membrane

Question 69

where does the calvin cycle take place

Answer 69

stroma

Question 70

photoautotroph

Answer 70

organisms that use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose (byproduct of oxygen)

Question 71

What absorbs light energy

Answer 71

chloroplast

Question 72

what are the reactants of leaf photosynthesis?

Answer 72

water, CO2

Question 73

what is the product of leaf photosynthesis

Answer 73

glucose, oxygen (sugar is transported to cells or used to build)

Question 74

T/F: there are 2 parts to photosynthesis and 3 to aerobic respiration

Answer 74

T

Question 75

What are the reactants of the light reactions

Answer 75

water, light energy

Question 76

what are the products of the light reactions

Answer 76

oxygen ## Footnote NADP+ to NADPH ADP to ATP

Question 77

Photolysis

Answer 77

Splitting H2O to H+ and O2