Proteins Flashcards
How are proteins molecules formed
Joining together many amino acids which form a peptide, which fold into a protein molecule
amino acid functional groups
NH2 + COOH
Amide link
H - N - C - R
= O
How are proteins formed
When amino acids join and water is removed
Process to form proteins
condensation
Define essential amino acids
Amino acids the body cannot make to build different proteins
How do we get essential amino acids
Through protein intake in diet
Process to break down protein molecules
Hydrolysis
What hydrolyses proteins in the body
enzymes break them into amino acids
Describe what happens to proteins in the body
-Enzymes hydrolyse the proteins into amino acids
-amino acids are transported round the body by blood
-condensation builds the amino acids back into proteins
When drawing a protein chain from amino acids
Remove the H and OH from the acids
When drawing amino acids from proteins
Add a H to the NH
Add an OH to the C=O
4 points fibrous proteins
-Animal hair, nails, muscle
-Long spiral chains - fold to form long thin shapes
-Strong and generally insoluble in water
-Eg collagen
4 points globular proteins
-Involved in regulation of life processes
-Spiral chains fold into spherical shapes
-Generally soluble in water
-Eg haemoglobin
Describe what happens when proteins are heated
-Molecules become agitated and move
-causes intermolecular forces (hydrogen bonds) between or within the protein to break
-Causes protein to denature
What happens when proteins denature
Change texture, shape, flavour
2 points enzymes
-1 enzyme has 1 job
-All enzymes are proteins
when is enzyme activity greatest
optimum pH and temperature
3 reasons we need proteins
-Growth and repair
-Provide essential amino acids
-Regulate life processes
what happens when a protein is denatured
its overall shape is distorted
How do protein chains unwind due to heat
Heat breaks hydrogen bonds
What does it mean when limited chromatography spots
2 of the substances have the same rf value
