Proteins Flashcards
how is a peptide bond formed
condensation between two amino acids
what are the monomers proteins are made from
amino acids
draw an amino acid
draw a dipeptide
how are dipeptides formed
condensation of two amino acids
how are polypeptides formed
condensation reaction between many amino acids
primary structure of proteins
sequence of amino acid chain
secondary structure of proteins
involves alpha helix and beta pleated sheets
- chains fold over
- hydrogen bonds
tertiary structure of proteins
folding into a 3D shape
- ionic bonds, disulphide bridges, hydrogen bonds
quaternary structure of proteins
more than one polypeptide chain binder together
what is the biuret test for proteins
add biuret solution
will turn purple if postive
what is the induced fit model of enzymes
when an enzyme substrate complex is formed, the structure of the enzyme is altered so the active site fits around the substrate
how does temperate affect enzyme action
- increases temperature as kinetic energy of enzyme increases so particles move quicker and collide more > more ES complexes are formed
- denatured after optimum
how does pH affect enzyme action
- disrupts the bonds in the tertiary structure of the enzyme
how does enzyme concentration affect enzyme
- more enzymes = more active sites for substrates to bind to
- increases enzyme substrate complexes
how does substrate concentration affect enzymes
- more substrates = more enzyme substrate complexes formed
what is competitive inhibition
- competitive inhibitors have a similar shape to substrate of enzyme
> compete for active site so no ES complexes formed
where does a non competitive inhibitor bind do
allosteric site
what is formed when substrate and enzyme collide
enzyme substrate complex
