Carbohydrates Flashcards
what is a monosaccharides
monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made
examples of monosaccharides
glucose
galactose
fructose
how is a glycosidic bond formed
condensation reaction between two monosaccharides
what are disaccharides
formed by condensation of two monosaccharides
what is maltose formed from
condensation of two glucose membranes
what is sucrose formed from
glucose and fructose molecule
what is lactose formed from
glucose and galactose
what are polysaccharides
formed by condensation of many glucose units
draw an alpha glucose molecule
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draw a beta glucose molecule
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what is an isomer
same chemical formula but different arrangement of atoms
what does alpha glucose form
glycogen and starch
what does beta glucose form
cellulose
Structure and function of glycogen
highly branched molecules composed of alpha glucose
1,4 and 1,6 gjycoside bonds
lots of side branches for enzymes to act upon to quickly release energy/ glucose
Structure and function starch
amylose : long chain of glucose which is coiled so compact so good for storage
amylopectin : long branched chain of glucose, side branches allow for enzymes to break down glycosidic bonds easily so glucose can be released
— insoluble in water
Structure and functions of cellulose
molecules join to form micro fibrils with hydrogen bonds
> strong when in abundance
- lots of hydrogen bonds
Test for reducing sugars
add benedict’s reagent
heat
positive result = blue to orange brown
Test for non reducing sugars
add HCL
heat in water bath
add NaOH to neutralise
add benedict’s reagent
heat
Test for starch
add iodine solution
will change to blue black
what are the two structures that make up starch
amylose
anylopectin
structure of amylopectin
1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
long branched chain of alpha glucose
