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Biochemistry Midterm > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

They are very important molecules in our cells and are essential for all living organisms.

A

Proteins

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2
Q

They are the most abundant molecules of the living system.

A

Proteins

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3
Q

Proteins make up about what percentage of our body mass?

A

15%

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4
Q

True or False: Proteins are utilized in building of new tissues, but not in maintaining tissues that are already developed.

A

FALSE. Proteins are also used in the maintenance of already developed tissues.

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5
Q

The Dutch chemist who first described proteins.

A

Gerardus Johannes Mulder

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6
Q

Swedish chemist who named proteins

A

Jons Jacon Berzelius

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7
Q

He believed that proteins were the most important nutrient for maintaining the body.

A

Carl von Voit

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8
Q

He believed “flesh makes flesh”

A

Carl von Voit

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9
Q

When were proteins first described and named?

A

1838

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10
Q

He showed that urease was a protein.

A

James B. Sumner

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11
Q

What year did James B. Sumner conduct his study?

A

1926

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12
Q

What hormone regulates blood sugar levels in the body by distributing glucose in the liver?

A

Insulin

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13
Q

What organ releases insulin?

A

Pancreas

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14
Q

True or False: The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine gland.

A

TRUE

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15
Q

What hormone increases blood sugar levels?

A

Glucagon

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16
Q

True or False: Hormones are a type of protein.

A

TRUE

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17
Q

True or False: Alpha cells in the pancreas are responsible for releasing glucagon, while beta cells in the pancreas release insulin.

A

FALSE. Alpha cells release insulin and beta cells release glucagon

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18
Q

Who was the first to sequence insulin?

A

Frederick Sanger

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19
Q

Who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry?

A

Max Perutz and Sir John Crowley

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20
Q

Perutz and Crowley won the Nobel Prize by solving what two proteins?

A

Hemoglobin and Myoglobin

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21
Q

It is the protein responsible for the redness in red blood cells.

A

Hemoglobin

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22
Q

It is the protein that delivers oxygen to the tissues.

A

Hemoglobin

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23
Q

Protein that causes redness of muscle.

A

Myoglobin

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24
Q

The three-dimensional structures of hemoglobin and myoglobin were first determine through ____.

A

X-ray diffraction analysis

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25
Q

Proteins can be broken down into separate units by the use of ___.

A

Enzymes

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26
Q

Proteins consist of what two groups?

A

Amino group and acid group

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27
Q

What group in proteins is considered basic?

A

Amino group

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28
Q

What group in proteins is considered acidic?

A

Acid group

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29
Q

Proteins are able to react to both acids and bases. There, they are ___.

A

Amphoteric

30
Q

What percentage of proteins is carbon?

A

55% Carbon

31
Q

What percentage of proteins is hydrogen?

A

7% Hydrogen

32
Q

What percentage of proteins is oxygen?

A

23% Oxygen

33
Q

What percentage of proteins is nitrogen?

A

15% Nitrogen

34
Q

Aside from CHON, what are the two additional elements that make up proteins and what are their respective percentages?

A

1% Sulfur
Less than 1% Phosphorus

35
Q

What proteins are involved in communication?

A

Nerves

36
Q

What proteins are involved in defense?

A

Antibodies

37
Q

Hormones are proteins that are involved in what bodily process?

A

Metabolic regulation

38
Q

What proteins are involved in oxygen transport?

A

Hemoglobin

39
Q

Enzymes are proteins involved in what bodily process?

A

Biochemical catalysis

40
Q

They are specialized proteins involved in defending the body.

A

Antibodies

41
Q

Antibodies defend against ____, which are foreign substances that enter the body.

A

Antigens

42
Q

True or False: A foreign substance must be pathogenic (causes disease) in order to be considered an antigen.

A

FALSE. All substances that are foreign to the body, whether pathogenic or not, are antigens.

43
Q

How do antibodies counteract against antigens?

A

By immobilizing them so they can be destroyed by white blood cells.

44
Q

These proteins are responsible for muscle contraction and muscle movement.

A

Contractile proteins

45
Q

What are examples of contractile proteins?

A

Actin and myosin

46
Q

They are proteins that facilitate biochemical reactions.

A

Enzymes

47
Q

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions, so they are often referred to as ___.

A

Catalysts

48
Q

These are messenger proteins which help to coordinate certain bodily activities.

A

Hormonal proteins

49
Q

Give three examples of hormonal proteins.

A

Insulin, oxytocin, somatotropin

50
Q

This hormonal protein regulates glucose metabolism by controlling blood sugar concentration.

A

Insulin

51
Q

What protein stimulates contractions during childbirth?

A

Oxytocin

52
Q

It is a growth hormone that stimulates protein production in muscle cells.

A

Somatotropin

53
Q

It is also known as a growth inhibiting hormone.

A

Somatostatin

54
Q

Proteins that are stringy and fibrous, which allow them to provide support for various body parts.

A

Structural proteins

55
Q

Give three examples of structural proteins.

A

Keratin, collagen, and elastin

56
Q

This structural protein strengthens protective coverings.

A

Keratin

57
Q

Where can keratin commonly be found in the human body?

A

Skin and hair

58
Q

Where can keratin commonly be found in animals?

A

Quills, feathers, horns, and beaks

59
Q

These two structural proteins provide support for connective tissues such as tendons and ligaments.

A

Collagen and elastin

60
Q

These type of proteins store amino acids for the body to use later.

A

Storage proteins

61
Q

It is a protein that stores iron in hemoglobin.

A

Ferritin

62
Q

Where does ferritin store protein?

A

In hemoglobin

63
Q

They are carrier proteins which move molecules from one place to another around the body.

A

Transport proteins

64
Q

Give two examples of transport proteins.

A

Hemoglobin and cytochromes

65
Q

A transport protein that is responsible for transporting oxygen through the blood.

A

Hemoglobin

66
Q

Hemoglobin carries out its function via what type of cell?

A

Red blood cells

67
Q

Transport proteins that operates in the electron transport chain as electron carrier proteins.

A

Cytochromes

68
Q

True or False: Anemia can be hereditary.

A

TRUE. While most forms of anemia are not due to genetics, there are some which can be passed down through the genes, such as sickle cell anemia.

69
Q

What are some examples of protein-rich foods?

A

Lean white meats, soy, beef, beans, eggs, dairy, seafood.

70
Q

True or False: There are proteins which break down other proteins.

A

TRUE. Proteolytic enzymes or proteases are proteins that break down proteins.

Biochemistry Midterm (4 decks)

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