Proteins

Question 1

They are very important molecules in our cells and are essential for all living organisms.

Answer 1

Proteins

Question 2

They are the most abundant molecules of the living system.

Answer 2

Proteins

Question 3

Proteins make up about what percentage of our body mass?

Answer 3

15%

Question 4

True or False: Proteins are utilized in building of new tissues, but not in maintaining tissues that are already developed.

Answer 4

FALSE. Proteins are also used in the maintenance of already developed tissues.

Question 5

The Dutch chemist who first described proteins.

Answer 5

Gerardus Johannes Mulder

Question 6

Swedish chemist who named proteins

Answer 6

Jons Jacon Berzelius

Question 7

He believed that proteins were the most important nutrient for maintaining the body.

Answer 7

Carl von Voit

Question 8

He believed “flesh makes flesh”

Answer 8

Carl von Voit

Question 9

When were proteins first described and named?

Answer 9

1838

Question 10

He showed that urease was a protein.

Answer 10

James B. Sumner

Question 11

What year did James B. Sumner conduct his study?

Answer 11

1926

Question 12

What hormone regulates blood sugar levels in the body by distributing glucose in the liver?

Answer 12

Insulin

Question 13

What organ releases insulin?

Answer 13

Pancreas

Question 14

True or False: The pancreas is both an endocrine and exocrine gland.

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

What hormone increases blood sugar levels?

Answer 15

Glucagon

Question 16

True or False: Hormones are a type of protein.

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

True or False: Alpha cells in the pancreas are responsible for releasing glucagon, while beta cells in the pancreas release insulin.

Answer 17

FALSE. Alpha cells release insulin and beta cells release glucagon

Question 18

Who was the first to sequence insulin?

Answer 18

Frederick Sanger

Question 19

Who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry?

Answer 19

Max Perutz and Sir John Crowley

Question 20

Perutz and Crowley won the Nobel Prize by solving what two proteins?

Answer 20

Hemoglobin and Myoglobin

Question 21

It is the protein responsible for the redness in red blood cells.

Answer 21

Hemoglobin

Question 22

It is the protein that delivers oxygen to the tissues.

Answer 22

Hemoglobin

Question 23

Protein that causes redness of muscle.

Answer 23

Myoglobin

Question 24

The three-dimensional structures of hemoglobin and myoglobin were first determine through ____.

Answer 24

X-ray diffraction analysis

Question 25

Proteins can be broken down into separate units by the use of ___.

Answer 25

Enzymes

Question 26

Proteins consist of what two groups?

Answer 26

Amino group and acid group

Question 27

What group in proteins is considered basic?

Answer 27

Amino group

Question 28

What group in proteins is considered acidic?

Answer 28

Acid group

Question 29

Proteins are able to react to both acids and bases. There, they are ___.

Answer 29

Amphoteric

Question 30

What percentage of proteins is carbon?

Answer 30

55% Carbon

Question 31

What percentage of proteins is hydrogen?

Answer 31

7% Hydrogen

Question 32

What percentage of proteins is oxygen?

Answer 32

23% Oxygen

Question 33

What percentage of proteins is nitrogen?

Answer 33

15% Nitrogen

Question 34

Aside from CHON, what are the two additional elements that make up proteins and what are their respective percentages?

Answer 34

1% Sulfur Less than 1% Phosphorus

Question 35

What proteins are involved in communication?

Answer 35

Nerves

Question 36

What proteins are involved in defense?

Answer 36

Antibodies

Question 37

Hormones are proteins that are involved in what bodily process?

Answer 37

Metabolic regulation

Question 38

What proteins are involved in oxygen transport?

Answer 38

Hemoglobin

Question 39

Enzymes are proteins involved in what bodily process?

Answer 39

Biochemical catalysis

Question 40

They are specialized proteins involved in defending the body.

Answer 40

Antibodies

Question 41

Antibodies defend against ____, which are foreign substances that enter the body.

Answer 41

Antigens

Question 42

True or False: A foreign substance must be pathogenic (causes disease) in order to be considered an antigen.

Answer 42

FALSE. All substances that are foreign to the body, whether pathogenic or not, are antigens.

Question 43

How do antibodies counteract against antigens?

Answer 43

By immobilizing them so they can be destroyed by white blood cells.

Question 44

These proteins are responsible for muscle contraction and muscle movement.

Answer 44

Contractile proteins

Question 45

What are examples of contractile proteins?

Answer 45

Actin and myosin

Question 46

They are proteins that facilitate biochemical reactions.

Answer 46

Enzymes

Question 47

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions, so they are often referred to as ___.

Answer 47

Catalysts

Question 48

These are messenger proteins which help to coordinate certain bodily activities.

Answer 48

Hormonal proteins

Question 49

Give three examples of hormonal proteins.

Answer 49

Insulin, oxytocin, somatotropin

Question 50

This hormonal protein regulates glucose metabolism by controlling blood sugar concentration.

Answer 50

Insulin

Question 51

What protein stimulates contractions during childbirth?

Answer 51

Oxytocin

Question 52

It is a growth hormone that stimulates protein production in muscle cells.

Answer 52

Somatotropin

Question 53

It is also known as a growth inhibiting hormone.

Answer 53

Somatostatin

Question 54

Proteins that are stringy and fibrous, which allow them to provide support for various body parts.

Answer 54

Structural proteins

Question 55

Give three examples of structural proteins.

Answer 55

Keratin, collagen, and elastin

Question 56

This structural protein strengthens protective coverings.

Answer 56

Keratin

Question 57

Where can keratin commonly be found in the human body?

Answer 57

Skin and hair

Question 58

Where can keratin commonly be found in animals?

Answer 58

Quills, feathers, horns, and beaks

Question 59

These two structural proteins provide support for connective tissues such as tendons and ligaments.

Answer 59

Collagen and elastin

Question 60

These type of proteins store amino acids for the body to use later.

Answer 60

Storage proteins

Question 61

It is a protein that stores iron in hemoglobin.

Answer 61

Ferritin

Question 62

Where does ferritin store protein?

Answer 62

In hemoglobin

Question 63

They are carrier proteins which move molecules from one place to another around the body.

Answer 63

Transport proteins

Question 64

Give two examples of transport proteins.

Answer 64

Hemoglobin and cytochromes

Question 65

A transport protein that is responsible for transporting oxygen through the blood.

Answer 65

Hemoglobin

Question 66

Hemoglobin carries out its function via what type of cell?

Answer 66

Red blood cells

Question 67

Transport proteins that operates in the electron transport chain as electron carrier proteins.

Answer 67

Cytochromes

Question 68

True or False: Anemia can be hereditary.

Answer 68

TRUE. While most forms of anemia are not due to genetics, there are some which can be passed down through the genes, such as sickle cell anemia.

Question 69

What are some examples of protein-rich foods?

Answer 69

Lean white meats, soy, beef, beans, eggs, dairy, seafood.

Question 70

True or False: There are proteins which break down other proteins.

Answer 70

TRUE. Proteolytic enzymes or proteases are proteins that break down proteins.