Enzymes

Question 1

They are also known as helper protein molecules.

Answer 1

Enzymes

Question 2

Enzymes are proteins that change the rate of a chemical reaction. Therefore, they are referred to as ___.

Answer 2

Biological catalysts

Question 3

True or False: All chemical reactions in living organisms require enzymes to work.

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

True or False: Each enzyme is the specific helper to a specific reaction.

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

True or False: Enzymes are named for the reaction they help.

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

Sucrase breaks down ___.

Answer 6

Sucrose

Question 7

____ break down proteins.

Answer 7

Proteases

Question 8

Lipases break down ___.

Answer 8

Lipids

Question 9

True or False: DNA polymerase breaks down DNA.

Answer 9

FALSE. DNA polymerase builds DNA.

Question 10

It is the region that binds substrates, cofactors, and prosthetic groups.

Answer 10

Active site

Question 11

What does the active site contain that holds the substrate?

Answer 11

Residue

Question 12

True or False: The active site of an enzyme has a specific shape due to the quaternary structure of protein.

Answer 12

FALSE. It has a specific shape due to the tertiary structure of protein.

Question 13

What are the two divisions of the active site?

Answer 13

Binding site
Catalytic site

Question 14

It is the substance at the beginning of the process on which an enzyme begins an action.

Answer 14

Substrate

Question 15

When a substrate binds to an enzyme, it forms a/an ___.

Answer 15

Enzyme-substrate complex

Question 16

Enzymes are a type of protein, therefore they are synthesized by what organelles?

Answer 16

Ribosomes

Question 17

Information for the synthesis of enzymes is carried by the ___.

Answer 17

DNA

Question 18

What are the two types of enzymes in terms of location in the cell?

Answer 18

Intracellular enzymes & extracellular enzymes

Question 19

These enzymes are synthesized and retained in the cell for the use of the cell itself.

Answer 19

Intracellular enzymes

Question 20

In which specific cell parts can intracellular enzymes be found?

Answer 20

Cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, & chloroplast

Question 21

True or False: Extracellular enzymes are synthesized outside of the cell to work externally.

Answer 21

FALSE. Extracellular enzymes are synthesized in the cell but secreted from the cell to work externally.

Question 22

True or False: An enzyme is names according to the name of the substrate it catalyzes.

Answer 22

TRUE

Question 23

Why do most enzymes end in “-ase” while some do not?

Answer 23

Some enzymes were named before a systematic way of naming enzymes was formed.

Question 24

What are some examples of enzymes that were named before the formation of a systematic way of naming enzymes.

Answer 24

Pepsin, trypsin, renin

Question 25

Hydrolase catalyzes what type of reaction?

Answer 25

Hydrolysis reaction

Question 26

What enzyme catalyzes an oxidation reaction?

Answer 26

Oxidase

Question 27

What suffix is used to recognize that a substance is that of an enzyme?

Answer 27

-Ase

Question 28

In naming an enzyme, how is the prefix determined?

Answer 28

The type of reaction the enzyme catalyzes.

Question 29

In naming an enzyme, what else is taken into consideration in addition to the type of reaction?

Answer 29

Identity of the substrate.

Question 30

What reaction does glucose oxidase catalyze?

Answer 30

Glucose oxidation

Question 31

What enzyme catalyzes the eliminating of hydrogen from lactate ion?

Answer 31

Lactate dehydrogenase

Question 32

What is the organization that standardized the naming of enzymes?

Answer 32

International Union of Biochemistry

Question 33

What are the two parts of naming an enzyme?

Answer 33

Name of the substrate for the enzyme Type of reaction catalyzed by the enzyme

Question 34

What is the product when lactase breaks down lactose?

Answer 34

Glucose and galactose

Question 35

What is produced when maltase breaks down maltose?

Answer 35

Glucose

Question 36

True or False: When cellulose is broken down by cellulase, glycogen is produced.

Answer 36

FALSE. Glucose is the product.

Question 37

What is produced when lipids are broken down by lipase?

Answer 37

Glycerol and fatty acid

Question 38

What disaccharide is produced when amylase breaks down starch?

Answer 38

Maltose

Question 39

Proteases break down proteins, resulting in a product of ___.

Answer 39

Peptides and polypeptides

Question 40

What are the 6 classifications of enzymes?

Answer 40

Oxidoreductases Transferases Hydrolases Lyases Isomerases Ligases

Question 41

In this reaction, electrons travel from one molecule to another.

Answer 41

Oxidation

Question 42

It is the transfer of hydrogen or addition of oxygen.

Answer 42

Oxidation

Question 43

What enzymes catalyze oxidation reactions?

Answer 43

Oxidoreductases

Question 44

This classification of enzymes catalyze the transformation of a functional group from one molecule to another.

Answer 44

Transferases

Question 45

True or False: Transferases transfer one group (other than hydrogen) from the substrate to the enzyme.

Answer 45

FALSE. They transfer one group from the substrate to another substrate.

Question 46

It is a reaction where single bonds are broken down upon exposure to water.

Answer 46

Hydrolysis

Question 47

What enzymes catalyze hydrolysis?

Answer 47

Hydrolases

Question 48

Give examples of bonds that can be broken down by hydrolases.

Answer 48

Ester, ether, peptide, & glycosidic bonds

Question 49

This classification of enzymes catalyze the breakdown of various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis & oxidation.

Answer 49

Lyases and isomerases

Question 50

What do lyases and isomerases often form?

Answer 50

New double bonds or ring structures

Question 51

These enzymes break bonds without adding water.

Answer 51

Lyases

Question 52

These enzymes catalyze reactions involving a structural rearrangement of a molecule.

Answer 52

Isomerases

Question 53

It is the combination of pairs of substrates.

Answer 53

Ligation

Question 54

What enzymes catalyze ligation?

Answer 54

Ligases

Question 55

What do hexokinases catalyze?

Answer 55

The interconversion of of glucose and ATP with glucose-6-phosphate and ADP

Question 56

It is an inactive enzyme without its non-protein moiety.

Answer 56

Apoenzyme

Question 57

It is an active enzyme with its non-protein component.

Answer 57

Holoenzyme

Question 58

They are non-protein substances that associate with enzymes.

Answer 58

Cofactors

Question 59

It is a non-protein chemical compound that is bound (either tightly or loosely) to an enzyme.

Answer 59

Cofactor

Question 60

What process requires the presence of cofactors?

Answer 60

Catalysis

Question 61

It is a non-protein component that is loosely bound to an apoenzyme.

Answer 61

Coenzyme

Question 62

It is a non-protein component tightly bound to an apoenzyme.

Answer 62

Prosthetic group

Question 63

True or False: Coenzymes are bound by covalent bonds, while prosthetic groups are bound by non-covalent bonds.

Answer 63

FALSE. Coenzymes = non-covalent bonds; prosthetic groups = covalent bonds

Question 64

It is the first push to start a reaction.

Answer 64

Activation energy

Question 65

True or False: All chemical reactions require activation energy.

Answer 65

TRUE

Question 66

In most chemical reactions, what must be overcome for the reaction to occur?

Answer 66

Energy barrier

Question 67

What is the risk of using heat in order to overcome the energy barrier?

Answer 67

The rise in temperature may kill the cell.

Question 68

Aside from heat, what is the alternative to overcome the energy barrier?

Answer 68

Lowering the activation energy through the use of a catalyst

Question 69

This theory states that the active site has a rigid shape, and only substrates with a matching shape can fit.

Answer 69

Fischer's Template Theory (Lock and Key Model)

Question 70

It states that the substrate is a key that fits the lock of the active site.

Answer 70

Fischer's Template Theory (Lock and Key Model)

Question 71

This model explain enzyme specificity and the loss of activity when enzymes denature.

Answer 71

Lock and Key Model

Question 72

This theory states that the active site is flexible, not rigid.

Answer 72

Koshland's Induced Fit Theory

Question 73

It states that the shapes of the enzyme, active site, and substrate adjust to maximize the fit, which improves catalysis.

Answer 73

Koshland's Induced Fit Theory

Question 74

This theory has a greater range of substrate specificity.

Answer 74

Koshland's Induced Fit Theory