Proteins

Question 1

what is crude protein

Answer 1

nitrogen x 6.25

Question 2

why is there restrictions on using food waste for feed

Answer 2

BSE
now african swine fever

Question 3

objectives of processing ingredients (5)

Answer 3

create consistent product form inconsistent feed stock
make safe (microbial and potential contaminates)
increase digestibility
fractionate into valuable products
reduce waste

Question 4

coproducts of ethanol production

Answer 4

distillers grain
glycerol
concentrates fiber, protein, fat

Question 5

crops grown for oil

Answer 5

canola, cotton seed, sunflower

Question 6

what is soybean grown for

Answer 6

protein content, oil is the coproduct

Question 7

standard oil seed

Answer 7

~20% oil
soybean

Question 8

soft seed

Answer 8

high oil content ~35%
canola, mustard, flax, camelina, cotton seed, sunflower

Question 9

decortication

Answer 9

remove hull to increase nutrient concentration (sell hull to ruminant industry)
multiple options for removing the hull

Question 10

what are impact hullers used on

Answer 10

sunflower and canola

Question 11

what are roller mill/air fractionation used on

Answer 11

canola and camelina

Question 12

options for oil extraction

Answer 12

full press
extrusion/full press
pre press/solvent extraction
direct extraction
direct extraction with expander

Question 13

full press extraction

Answer 13

mechanical expression
can only get so much out

Question 14

extrusion/full press extraction

Answer 14

extrusion heats up to kill inhibitors then mechanically press out

Question 15

pre press/solvent extraction

Answer 15

main large scale method
press out then use hexane solvent to pull the rest of the oil out

Question 16

expelling

Answer 16

applying high pressure to the seed to force oil out

Question 17

extrusion cooking/expeller

Answer 17

cooker to prepare seed for extraction by eliminating heat labile anti nutritional factors (trypsin inhibitor in soybean, lectins, myrosinase in canola)

Question 18

Myrosinase

Answer 18

in canola
not a problem anymore due to low glucosinolades

Question 19

why can’t we just use grains for protein

Answer 19

grains and grain byproducts are deficient in lysine nad methionine

Question 20

what do pulses contain

Answer 20

starch and protein

Question 21

what do oilseeds contain

Answer 21

significant balanced protein and fiber concentrate when oil is extracted

Question 22

what does protein quality depend on (4)

Answer 22

nutritional composition
extent of nutrient digestion
physical and chemical properties
secondary metabolites

Question 23

how is canola different from rapeseed

Answer 23

canola is developed with low glucosinolates

Question 24

glucosinolates

Answer 24

bitter wehn broken down
unpalatable

Question 25

canola energy and protein trends

Answer 25

intermediate protein and energy levels good source of methionine and cystine

Question 26

what diets are canola meal typically used in

Answer 26

dairy and hog

Question 27

why is canola meal limited for poultry

Answer 27

low energy and high fiber

Question 28

what is different about canola tannins

Answer 28

don't bind to the tongue like typical tannins

Question 29

phytic acid

Answer 29

antinutritional factor that reduces phosphorus and other mineral bioavailability

Question 30

Feeding canola meal to pigs

Answer 30

cost effective good palatability often used in combination with peas

Question 31

most used protein source worldwide

Answer 31

soybean meal

Question 32

soybean meal protein energy trends

Answer 32

high protein (44-48%) high energy

Question 33

what amino acid is soybean meal a good source of?

Answer 33

lysine

Question 34

what processing technique is important for soybean meal

Answer 34

heat processing to deactivate trypsin inhibitor while maintaining amino acid digestibility

Question 35

trypsin inhibitor

Answer 35

makes animal unable to digest protein

Question 36

DDGS

Answer 36

distillers grain with solubles

Question 37

pro of DDGS

Answer 37

reasonable cost

Question 38

con of DDGS

Answer 38

highly variable product

Question 39

wheat DDGS nutrient

Answer 39

high CP

Question 40

corn DDGS nutrient

Answer 40

high fat

Question 41

air classification

Answer 41

grind into super fine size, protein and starch granules are different sizes then can be sorted out through air streams

Question 42

unique attributes of pulses (5)

Answer 42

non GMO clean label (no solvent extraction) high protein/lysine unique starch (digests slowly) excellent pellet binder

Question 43

pulses in poultry diets

Answer 43

good source of protein and energy good pellet binder fits well in laying hen diets

Question 44

pulses in swine diets

Answer 44

formulate well with canola meal try to include >5% to enhance pellet quality

Question 45

peas in dairy rations

Answer 45

improves quality of extruded productions

Question 46

aquaculture

Answer 46

peas and faba beans offer a good source of protein to replace fish meal