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ANSC 316 > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

what is crude protein

A

nitrogen x 6.25

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2
Q

why is there restrictions on using food waste for feed

A

BSE
now african swine fever

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3
Q

objectives of processing ingredients (5)

A

create consistent product form inconsistent feed stock
make safe (microbial and potential contaminates)
increase digestibility
fractionate into valuable products
reduce waste

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4
Q

coproducts of ethanol production

A

distillers grain
glycerol
concentrates fiber, protein, fat

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5
Q

crops grown for oil

A

canola, cotton seed, sunflower

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6
Q

what is soybean grown for

A

protein content, oil is the coproduct

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7
Q

standard oil seed

A

~20% oil
soybean

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8
Q

soft seed

A

high oil content ~35%
canola, mustard, flax, camelina, cotton seed, sunflower

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9
Q

decortication

A

remove hull to increase nutrient concentration (sell hull to ruminant industry)
multiple options for removing the hull

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10
Q

what are impact hullers used on

A

sunflower and canola

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11
Q

what are roller mill/air fractionation used on

A

canola and camelina

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12
Q

options for oil extraction

A

full press
extrusion/full press
pre press/solvent extraction
direct extraction
direct extraction with expander

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13
Q

full press extraction

A

mechanical expression
can only get so much out

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14
Q

extrusion/full press extraction

A

extrusion heats up to kill inhibitors then mechanically press out

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15
Q

pre press/solvent extraction

A

main large scale method
press out then use hexane solvent to pull the rest of the oil out

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16
Q

expelling

A

applying high pressure to the seed to force oil out

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17
Q

extrusion cooking/expeller

A

cooker to prepare seed for extraction by eliminating heat labile anti nutritional factors (trypsin inhibitor in soybean, lectins, myrosinase in canola)

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18
Q

Myrosinase

A

in canola
not a problem anymore due to low glucosinolades

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19
Q

why can’t we just use grains for protein

A

grains and grain byproducts are deficient in lysine nad methionine

20
Q

what do pulses contain

A

starch and protein

21
Q

what do oilseeds contain

A

significant balanced protein and fiber concentrate when oil is extracted

22
Q

what does protein quality depend on (4)

A

nutritional composition
extent of nutrient digestion
physical and chemical properties
secondary metabolites

23
Q

how is canola different from rapeseed

A

canola is developed with low glucosinolates

24
Q

glucosinolates

A

bitter wehn broken down
unpalatable

25
Q

canola energy and protein trends

A

intermediate protein and energy levels
good source of methionine and cystine

26
Q

what diets are canola meal typically used in

A

dairy and hog

27
Q

why is canola meal limited for poultry

A

low energy and high fiber

28
Q

what is different about canola tannins

A

don’t bind to the tongue like typical tannins

29
Q

phytic acid

A

antinutritional factor that reduces phosphorus and other mineral bioavailability

30
Q

Feeding canola meal to pigs

A

cost effective
good palatability
often used in combination with peas

31
Q

most used protein source worldwide

A

soybean meal

32
Q

soybean meal protein energy trends

A

high protein (44-48%)
high energy

33
Q

what amino acid is soybean meal a good source of?

A

lysine

34
Q

what processing technique is important for soybean meal

A

heat processing to deactivate trypsin inhibitor while maintaining amino acid digestibility

35
Q

trypsin inhibitor

A

makes animal unable to digest protein

36
Q

DDGS

A

distillers grain with solubles

37
Q

pro of DDGS

A

reasonable cost

38
Q

con of DDGS

A

highly variable product

39
Q

wheat DDGS nutrient

A

high CP

40
Q

corn DDGS nutrient

A

high fat

41
Q

air classification

A

grind into super fine size, protein and starch granules are different sizes then can be sorted out through air streams

42
Q

unique attributes of pulses (5)

A

non GMO
clean label (no solvent extraction)
high protein/lysine
unique starch (digests slowly)
excellent pellet binder

43
Q

pulses in poultry diets

A

good source of protein and energy
good pellet binder
fits well in laying hen diets

44
Q

pulses in swine diets

A

formulate well with canola meal
try to include >5% to enhance pellet quality

45
Q

peas in dairy rations

A

improves quality of extruded productions

46
Q

aquaculture

A

peas and faba beans offer a good source of protein to replace fish meal

ANSC 316 (8 decks)

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