Proteins

Question 1

Plasma Proteins

Answer 1

Albumin, globulins, clotting factors + fibrinogen

Question 2

serum proteins

Answer 2

albumin, globulins NO fibrinogen

Question 3

How to measure plasma total protein

Answer 3

measured by a refractometer

Question 4

what can interfere with plasma total protein measurements?

Answer 4

Hb, lipids, bilirubin

Question 5

is albumin measured or calculated?

Answer 5

measured

Question 5

How is serum total protein measured

Answer 5

by a chemistry analyzer

Question 6

are golbulins measured or calculated?

Answer 6

calculated
(TP-Alb=Glob)

Question 7

What makes Albumin

Answer 7

Liver

Question 8

What makes Globulins

Answer 8

plasma cells and liver

Question 9

(Albumin/Globulins) is/are a carrier protein

Answer 9

Albumin

Question 10

(Albumin/Globulins) make up 75-80% of oncotic pressure

Answer 10

Albumin

Question 11

What is fibrinogen

Answer 11

a clotting factor and an early indicator of inflammation

Question 12

where is fibrinogen synthesized

Answer 12

the liver

Question 13

Fibrinogen is measured in ….

Answer 13

plasma

Question 14

causes of hyperfibrinogenemia

Answer 14

inflammation (esp in large animals)
dehydration

Question 15

causes of hypofibrinogenemia

Answer 15

usually not detected, but may be present in DIC

Question 16

Positive Acute Phase proteins

Answer 16

increase with acute inflammation
* fibrinogen
* C-reactive protein
* Haptoglobin
* Amyloid A

Question 17

Negative Acute Phase Proteins

Answer 17

decrease with acute inflammation
* Albumin
* transferrin

Question 18

causes of hyperalbuminemia

Answer 18

dehydration/hemoconcentration

Question 19

causes of hyperglobulinemia

Answer 19

inflammation, deydration, antigenic stimulation, or B-lymphocyte/plasma cell neoplasia

Question 20

polyclonal gammopathy indicates

Answer 20

chronic inflammation of various causes

Question 21

monoclonal gammopathy indicates

Answer 21

clonal proliferation of plasma cells/lymphocytes

Question 22

primary differentials with monoclonal gammopathy

Answer 22

• plasma cell neoplasia
• lymphoma
• lymphocytic leukemia

less common:
* Tick borne Dz
* lymphoplasmacytic stomatitis in cats

Question 23

Causes of Hypoalbuminemia

Answer 23

Loss (renal, GI Hemorrhage, Skin, 3rd space) OR Decreased Production (liver failure, inflammation, malabsorption/maldigestion/cachexia)

Question 24

Causes of Hypoglobulinemia

Answer 24

* FPT * Acquired immune deficiency

Question 25

Panhypoproteinemia

Answer 25

decrease in both albumin and globulin

Question 26

causes of panhypoproteinemia

Answer 26

* hemorrhage * Protein losing enteropathy * Severe exudation/high protein effusion * Hemodiluton (uncommon)

Question 27

What does Colloidal Osmotic Pressure measure?

Answer 27

measures oncotic (osmotic) pressure - albumin composes 75-80% of oncotic pressure

Question 28

colloidal osmotic pressure is used to determine...

Answer 28

* whether edema in an animal is due to low oncotic pressure of increased hydrostatic pressure * if animals with hypoalbuminemia are likely to develop edema * if animals should be supplemented with colloid therapy