Hematopoietic Neoplasia

Question 1

define leukemia

Answer 1

malignant disease of hematopoietic tissue characterized by replacement of bone marrow with an abnormal clone of proliferating blood cells

Question 2

define lymphoma

Answer 2

neoplastic proliferation of lymphoid cells that originate in lymph nodes of solid organs (liver, spleen)

Question 3

a leukemic blood profile is charadcterized by…

Answer 3

the presence of circulating neoplastic cells

Question 4

cytologic classification of lymphoma: small lymphocytes

Answer 4

smaller than a neutrophil

Question 5

cytologic classification of lymphoma: intermediate lymphocytes

Answer 5

same size as a neutrophil

Question 6

cytologic classification of lymphoma: large lymphocytes

Answer 6

larger than a neutrophil

Question 7

cytologic classification of lymphoma: large granulocytic lymphocytes

Answer 7

increased cytoplasm

Question 8

what is immunophenotyping

Answer 8

recognition of cells based on physical characteristics and labeling with fluorochrome conjugated antibodes

Question 9

purpose of immunophenotyping (flow cytometry)

Answer 9

define surface antigens on neoplastic lymphocytes to determine cell type (B-cell, T-cell…)

Question 10

Why perform a clonality assessment? (PCR-PARR)

Answer 10

lymphoid neoplasms arise from the clonal expansion of a single cell (determine neoplasm vs reactive lymphocytes)

Question 11

results of PCR-PARR for neoplastic lymphocytes

Answer 11

clonal/neoplastic lymphocytes will produce a single sized, charp band on the testing gel

Question 12

results of PCR-PARR for reactive lymphocytes

Answer 12

produce multiple, borad bands representing multiple antigen receptors

Question 13

stage 1 canine lymphoma

Answer 13

single LN involvement

Question 14

Stage II canine lymphoma

Answer 14

several lymph nodes in one region involved

Question 15

Stage III canine lymphoma

Answer 15

generalized lymph node involvement

Question 16

Stage IV canine lymphoma

Answer 16

liver and/or spleen involvement

Question 17

Stage V canine lymphoma

Answer 17

involvement of bone marrow, blood and other organs

Question 18

lab features of canine lymphoma

Answer 18

• mild, nonregenerative anemia
• variable WBC, lymphocyte and platelet counts
• possible leukemic blood profile
• hypercalcemia

Question 19

Which species is lymphoma uncommon?

Answer 19

equine

Question 20

acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) characteristics

Answer 20

• leukemic blood profile with the presence of lymphoblasts
• non-regenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia occur due to myelopthisis

Question 21

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) characteristics

Answer 21

• proliferation of small, well differentialted lymphocytes
• lymphocytosis
• if necessary, use PCR to assess clonality
• can transform to ALL so need to monitor

Question 22

Large granular lymphoma and leukemia characteristics

Answer 22

• large cytoplasmic granules
• T-cell of NK cell in origin
• can occur as lymphoma or leukemia
• described in dogs, cats, and horses

Question 23

Types of plasma cell neoplasia

Answer 23

1. multiple myeloma
2. macroglobulinemia
3. plasmacytoma

Question 24

multiple myeloma

Answer 24

neoplasm of plasma cells where one type of immunoglobulin or immunoglobulin subunit (light chain) is secreteed

Question 25

Dx of multiple myeloma

Answer 25

At least 2 of the following: * radiographic evidence of osteolytic lesions * increased # of plasma cells in the bone marrow * monoclonal gammopathy * light chains in the urine

Question 26

paraneoplastic syndromes associates with multiple myeloma

Answer 26

CRAB SIGNS * calcium (increased) * renal (dysfunction) * anemia * bone lesions

Question 27

what is Primary macroglobulinemia

Answer 27

neoplasia of lymphocytes which produce IgM Rare

Question 28

plasmocytoma characteristics

Answer 28

* focal tumors of bone or soft tissues * vary in behavior from beningn to aggressive * monoclonal gammopathies can occure

Question 29

Myeloid neoplasia

Answer 29

neoplasia of **nonlymphoid** hematapoietic cells

Question 30

lab characteristics of myeloid neoplasia

Answer 30

leukemic blood profile with circulating neoplastic cells usually present

Question 31

classification of myeloid neoplasia

Answer 31

* evaluation of blood and bone marrow smears * initially cytomorphology is used to classfy the cell type * follow with cytochemistry and immunophenotyping to define cell type

Question 32

histiocytic neoplasia

Answer 32

neoplasia of macrophages and dendritic cells