Proteins Flashcards
Proteins
polymers of amino acids;
Amino Acid
a molecule that contains an Amine (N) and a Carboxylic Acid (COOH); the alpha carbon is chiral with a side chain determining the type of amino acid;
Alpha Carbon
the carbon in an amino acid linking the amine and the carboxylic acid;
Polar Amino Acid
amino acid with a side chain containing a polar covalent bond;
Non-Polar Amino Acid
amino acid with a side chain without a polar covalent bond;
Acidic Amino Acid
amino acid with a side chain with a carboxylic acid
Basic Amino Acid
amino acid with a side chain with an amine;
Neutral Amino Acid
amino acid without an amine or carboxylic acid;
Amino Acid Polymer
Protein
Linking Bond Between Amino Acids
peptide bond;
Long Peptids
pepteins; polypeptides;
4 Types of Protein Structure
primary structure (1st degree); secondary structure (2nd degree); tertiary structure (3rd degree); quatinary (4th degree);
Primary Structure
sequence of amino acids;
Secondary Structure
local or short range or twisting of protein chain; including: alpha helix, beta pleated sheets, other;
Tertiary Structure
long range or overall folding of the protein chain; unfolded, partially forded, or completely folded; folds held in place by disulfide bonds (-S-S-):
Quatinary Structure
number of peptide chains;
Fiberous Proteins
do not disolve in water; tertiary (3rd degree) structure is unfolded, straight, or linear; single type of secondary structure throughout the chain;
Globular Proteins
disolve in water; tertiary (3rd degree) structure is folded, ball, or glob; hydrophilic (polar) anions are on the outside;
Denaturation
the process of disrupting protein structure; seperated chains (loss of quatinary structure); protein structure can unfold (loss of tertiary structure); alpha helix and beta pleated sheet can change (loss of secondary structure); primary structure remains unchanged;
