General Flashcards
Carbohydrate
sugar; molecules containing an aldehyde or ketone, and two or more alcohols (COH)
Aldose
a carbohydrate with an aldehyde;
Ketose
a carbohydrate with a ketone;
Triose
a carbohydrate with three carbons;
Tetrose
a carbohydrate with four carbons;
Pentose
a carbohydrate with five carbons;
Hexose
a carbohydrate with six carbons;
Chiral Carbon
a carbon with four unique groups;
L- Sugar
a sugar in which the last chiral carbon has an alcohol on the left;
D- Sugar
a sugar in which the last chiral carbon has an alcohol on the right;
Most natural sugars are L- or D-?
D-
Anomeric Carbon
the carbon linking the acetal or hemiacetal;
Beta Glycosidic Bond
where the bond points up;
Alpha Glycosidic Bond
where the bond points down;
Acetal of Sugar
glycoside;
Monosaccharide
a single sugar;
Disaccharide
two sugars;
Trisaccharide
three sugars;
Polysaccharide
four or more sugars;
Carbon # 1 in a carbohydrate?
the carbon that gives the aldehyde, ketone, acetal, or hemiacetal the lowest number;
Amylose
polysaccharide; starch; unbranched; straight chain; liniar;
Amylopectin
polysaccharide; starch; branched; larger than amylose;
Starch
polysaccharide; main storage of energy for plants; alpha (1-4) glycosidic bond;
Glycogen
polysaccharide; main storage of energy for animals and people; similar to amylopectin but but with more branches;
