Proteins Flashcards
What are proteins made of?
Amino acids
What determines the proteins structure and shape?
The sequence of amino acids
Why is the shape of a protein important?
For its function
What are the four different protein functions?
Structural, Hormones, Antibodies, Receptors, Enzymes
Structural
Gives support to cells
Hormones
Are chemical messangers
Antibodies
Destroy pathogens to protect the body against disease
Receptors
Special proteins on the cell membrane that other proteins can bind to
Enzymes
Biological catalysts
What are enzymes made by?
By all living cells
What do enzymes do?
Speed up cellular reactions and are unchanged in the process
Where does the substrate bind to the enzyme?
Active site
What does specific mean?
The shape of the active site is complementary to only one substrate
What is degredation?
When enzymes speed up the breakdown of large substrate molecules into smaller products
SAM
Starch —Amylase—> Maltose
HPCOW
Hydrogen Peroxide —Catalyse—> Oxygen + Water
What is Synthesis?
When enzymes speed up the build up of large product molecules from smaller substrate molecules
GPS
Glucose-1-phosphate —Phosphorylase—> Starch
What can enzymes and other proteins be affected by?
Temperature and PH
What is optimum?
Where enzymes work best at
When will enzyme activity be highest?
At its optimum temperature and PH
What is the usual optimum temperature?
40 degrees
What happens when enzymes denature?
Rate falls rapidly
What does it mean for an enzyme to be denatured?
The shape of the active site is changed and will no longer be complementary to the shape of the substrate
What two things can make an enzyme denatured?
Increasing or decreasing the PH of an enzyme reaction much above or below its optimum PH or increasing the temperature much above its optimum temperature
