Proteins Flashcards
What are the functions of protein?
Structural eg) collagen which form connective tissue (keratin = nails + hair + horns)
Signalling eg) hormones such as insulin or FSH
Catalysts eg) enzymes that speed up chemical reaction
Transport eg) haemoglobin carries oxygen
Antibodies
What is the monomer of protein?
Amino acids
What is the dimer of proteins?
Dipeptides
What is polymer of protein?
Polypeptide
What are the two groups amino acids form ?
Amine group and carboxylic group
How do you form a polypeptide?
A chain of many amino acids joined via peptide bonds formed between amine and carboxylic acid groups
Starch
Enzyme: pancreatic/ salivary amylase
Product: maltose
Made: salivary glands and pancreas
Acts: mouth and ileum
Bonds broken: alpha 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bond
Maltose
Enzyme: maltase
Product: 2 x alpha glucose
Made: ileum lining
Acts: ileum
Bonds broken: alpha 1,4 glycosidic bond
Sucrose
Enzyme: sucrase
Product: alpha glucose and fructose
Made: ileum lining
Acts: ileum
Lactose
Enzyme: lactase
Product: alpha glucose and galactose
Made: ileum lining
Acts: ileum
Protein 1
Enzyme: endopeptidase
Product: smaller peptides
Made: stomach, ileum and pancreas
Acts: stomach and ileum
Bonds broken: peptide bond
Protein 2
Enzyme: exopeptidase
Product: amino acids and dipeptides
Made: ileum lining and pancreas
Acts: ileum
Bonds broken: peptide bond
Dipeptides
Enzyme: Dipeptidase
Product: amino acids
Made: ileum lining
Acts: ileum
Bonds broken: peptide bonds
Lipids
Enzyme: lipase
Product: 2 x fatty acids and a monoglyceride
Made: ileum lining and pancreas
Acts: ileum
Bonds broken: ester bond
