Proteins

Question 1

how is chemical structure of protein different than lipid or carb?

Answer 1

it is 16% nitrogen

Question 2

only food component that provides N

Answer 2

protein

Question 3

each amino acid contains a central carbon surrounded by:

Answer 3

carboxylic acid group
amine group
hydrogen atom
R group (side chain)

Question 4

what do amino acid side chains influence?

Answer 4

function of AA
whether body can make AA
metabolic pathway AA follows post-absorption
shape of protein

Question 5

amino acid chain less than 50

Answer 5

peptide

Question 6

amino acid chain of 2

Answer 6

dipeptide

Question 7

amino acid chain of 3

Answer 7

tripeptide

Question 8

amino acid chain of more than 10

Answer 8

polypeptide

Question 9

amino acid chain of 50+

Answer 9

protein

Question 10

peptide bonds

Answer 10

bonds that connect amino acids

carboxylic acid group of one AA connected to amine group of other AA by condensation

Question 11

what are essential acids?

Answer 11

9 amino acids that body cannot make; must be found in diet

Question 12

name all 9 essential amino acids

Answer 12

histamine
isoleucine
leucine
lysine
methionine
threonine
tryptophan
valine

Question 13

what are nonessential amino acids

Answer 13

11 AAs body can make; dont need to consume in diet

Question 14

conditionally essential AAs

Answer 14

nonessential AAs that become essential when body cannot make them

Question 15

primary proteins structure

Answer 15

AA sequence

Question 16

secondary proteins structure

Answer 16

shape of protein

Question 17

tertiary proteins structure

Answer 17

3d shape of protein

Question 18

quaternary protein structure

Answer 18

how more than 1 protein interacts with one anotehr

Question 19

ways that a protein can be denatured

Answer 19

salt, heat, acid, bases, mechanical agitation

Question 20

protein digestion in mouth

Answer 20

mechanical digestion and mix with saliva

Question 21

protein digestion in stomach

Answer 21

HCl denatures protein and activates pepsinogen to form pepsin
pepsin breaks polypeptide into smaller chains

Question 22

protein digestion in small intestine

Answer 22

proteases cleave peptide bonds

tripeptidases and dipeptidases break down into single AAs

Question 23

carboxypeptidase function

Answer 23

breaks up first peptide bond closest to carboxylic end of chain

Question 24

how can proteins be used once collected in liver?

Answer 24

synthesize new proteins

be converted into ATP glucose or fat