Proteins Flashcards
how is chemical structure of protein different than lipid or carb?
it is 16% nitrogen
only food component that provides N
protein
each amino acid contains a central carbon surrounded by:
carboxylic acid group
amine group
hydrogen atom
R group (side chain)
what do amino acid side chains influence?
function of AA
whether body can make AA
metabolic pathway AA follows post-absorption
shape of protein
amino acid chain less than 50
peptide
amino acid chain of 2
dipeptide
amino acid chain of 3
tripeptide
amino acid chain of more than 10
polypeptide
amino acid chain of 50+
protein
peptide bonds
bonds that connect amino acids
carboxylic acid group of one AA connected to amine group of other AA by condensation
what are essential acids?
9 amino acids that body cannot make; must be found in diet
name all 9 essential amino acids
histamine isoleucine leucine lysine methionine threonine tryptophan valine
what are nonessential amino acids
11 AAs body can make; dont need to consume in diet
conditionally essential AAs
nonessential AAs that become essential when body cannot make them
primary proteins structure
AA sequence
secondary proteins structure
shape of protein
tertiary proteins structure
3d shape of protein
quaternary protein structure
how more than 1 protein interacts with one anotehr
ways that a protein can be denatured
salt, heat, acid, bases, mechanical agitation
protein digestion in mouth
mechanical digestion and mix with saliva
protein digestion in stomach
HCl denatures protein and activates pepsinogen to form pepsin
pepsin breaks polypeptide into smaller chains
protein digestion in small intestine
proteases cleave peptide bonds
tripeptidases and dipeptidases break down into single AAs
carboxypeptidase function
breaks up first peptide bond closest to carboxylic end of chain
how can proteins be used once collected in liver?
synthesize new proteins
be converted into ATP glucose or fat
