Proteins

Question 1

molecules w/ elongated shape & one dimension much longer

Answer 1

Fibrous Proteins

Question 2

structure of fibrous proteins

Answer 2

Linear and form aggregate to form macromolecular structure

Question 3

peptide chains folded into spherical or globule shapes

Answer 3

Globular Proteins

Question 4

structure of globular proteins

Answer 4

Hydrophilic side chains on outside; hydrophobic in interior

Question 5

found associated with a membrane system of a cell; opposite of globular protein

Answer 5

Membrane Proteins

Question 6

fibrous vs. globular: water

Answer 6

fibrous - water soluble

globular - dissolve in water

Question 7

Fibrous vs. globular: secondary structure

Answer 7

Fibrous - single type

Globular - several types

Question 8

Fibrous vs. globular: function

Answer 8

Fibrous - support and external protection

Globular - involved in metabolism, transport, regulation, catalysis

Question 9

5 fibrous proteins

Answer 9

Keratin, collagen, elastin, myosin, fibrin

Question 10

Found in wool, feathers, hooves, silk, and nails

Answer 10

Keratin

Question 11

Found in tendons, bones, and other connective tissues

Answer 11

Collagen

Question 12

Found in blood vessels

Answer 12

Elastin

Question 13

Found in muscle tissue

Answer 13

Myosin

Question 14

Found in blood clots

Answer 14

Fibrin

Question 15

5 common globular proteins

Answer 15

Insulin, myoglobin, hemoglobin, transferrin, immunoglobulins

Question 16

Regulatory hormone for controlling glucose metabolism

Answer 16

Insulin

Question 17

Involved in oxygen storage in muscles

Answer 17

Myoglobin

Question 18

Involved in oxygen transport in blood

Answer 18

Hemoglobin

Question 19

Involved in iron transport in blood

Answer 19

Transferrin

Question 20

Involved in immune system responses

Answer 20

Immunoglobulins

Question 21

Why are we able to remove lipids or cholesterols in the body?

Answer 21

Because they are bound with proteins which makes it easier to transport

Question 22

Keratin structure

Answer 22

Coiling @ higher levels produce strength, intercoil disulfide bridge

Question 23

Collagen

Answer 23

most abundant of all proteins in humans (30% of total body protein)

Question 24

Characteristics of collagen

Answer 24

Rich proline content = triple helix conformation; form fibrils with cross linking on helices; stiffening of skin associated with aging

Question 25

Predominant structure of collagen

Answer 25

Triple helix Forms like a rope Presence of glycine and proline

Question 26

Structure of hemoglobin

Answer 26

* Tetramer (four peptide chains each contain heme group = binds to O2) * Iron atom @ center interact w/ O2 ; 1 hemoglobin: 4 O2 molecules

Question 27

Structure of myoglobin

Answer 27

- Single peptide chain & a heme unit hence carry one O2 | - Higher affinity for O2 than hemoglobin; working muscles

Question 28

Role of biochemical catalysts = enzymes

Answer 28

Catalytic proteins

Question 29

immunoglobulins or antibodies function in immune | system

Answer 29

Defense proteins

Question 30

Bind to small biomolecules and transport e.g. hemoglobin

Answer 30

Transport proteins

Question 31

transmit signals to coordinate biochemical processes between different cells, tissues, and organ ex. Hormones

Answer 31

Messenger proteins

Question 32

Necessary for movement. Filament like proteins in muscles, flagella of sperm

Answer 32

Contractile proteins

Question 33

Stiffness and rigidity ex. Collagen & keratin

Answer 33

Structural proteins

Question 34

@ cell membrane and control movement

Answer 34

Transmembrane proteins

Question 35

Bind & store molecules for future use ex ferritin

Answer 35

Storage proteins

Question 36

Important in early stages of life e.g casein in milk

Answer 36

Nutrient proteins

Question 37

Site of binding for messenger proteins & enact function

Answer 37

Regulatory proteins

Question 38

Necessary for movement. Filament like proteins in muscles, flagella of sperm

Answer 38

Contractile proteins

Question 39

Maintain fluid balance between blood & tissue; e.g. albumin and globulin in capillary beds

Answer 39

Fluid-balance proteins

Question 40

conjugated proteins that contain carbohydrates or carbohydrate derivatives in addition to amino acids

Answer 40

Glycoproteins

Question 41

Collagen in glycoproteins

Answer 41

- attached sugar units by glycosidic linkages; related to cross linking - Direct assembly of helices into complex aggregations = collagen fibrils

Question 42

glycoprotein as a protective response to the invasion of microorganisms or foreign molecules; antigen = foreign substance vs. antibody

Answer 42

Immunoglobulin

Question 43

- Conjugated proteins that are composed of both lipids and amino acids - classified according to their density

Answer 43

Lipoproteins

Question 44

involved in the transport system for lipids in the bloodstream

Answer 44

Plasma lipoprotein

Question 45

Four major classes of plasma lipoprotein

Answer 45

Chylomicrons Very-low-density lipoproteins Low-density lipoproteins High-density lipoproteins

Question 46

transport dietary triacylglycerols from the intestine to the liver and to adipose tissue

Answer 46

Chylomicrons

Question 47

Transport triacylglycerols synthesized in the liver to adipose tissue

Answer 47

Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)

Question 48

transport cholesterol synthesized in the liver to cells throughout the body

Answer 48

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)

Question 49

collect excess cholesterol from body tissues and transport it back to the liver for degradation to bile acids

Answer 49

High-density lipoproteins

Question 50

Blood proteins that contain iron

Answer 50

Ferritin

Question 51

Thick yellow secretion; high antibodies; more carbo

Answer 51

Colostrum

Question 52

Protection in the cell membrane

Answer 52

Phospholipids

Question 53

Free cholesterol content

Answer 53

Cystotoxic = contains toxic contents

Question 54

Protective form of storage of the cell; helps transport plasma lipoprotein to other tissues and organs

Answer 54

Cholesterol esters

Question 55

Excellent long term energy storage in the molecules made up of glycerol

Answer 55

Triglycerides

Question 56

How to remove free cholesterol?

Answer 56

Bind with amino acids to easily transport to the liver which will be cleared and become a good cholesterol