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biochemistry- vic > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

The shape of a protein molecule directly determines…. what?

A

its function

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2
Q

What are the four levels that describe the primary structure of proteins?

A

The primary structure The secondary structure The tertiary structure The quaternary structure

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3
Q

What are proteins?

A

the most abundant organic molecules in the body and have the widest variety of functions

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4
Q

What are proteins used for?

A
  • cell structures and structural body tissues - for controlling chemical reactions - for regulating growth - for defending the body from invaders - catalyze or speed up all reactions occurring in the body - they transport ions and other molecules into and out of the body - can think of them as worker molecules of the body that organize and facilitate all metabolic processes
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5
Q

Proteins are organic molecules, what are they made of?

A

mostly carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen Some contain sulfur, iron, or phosphorus

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6
Q

Proteins are organic molecules, what are they made of?

A

mostly carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen Some contain sulfur, iron, or phosphorus

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7
Q

What are the building blocks of protein?

A

amino acids - linked together

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8
Q

What makes each protein unique and defines the function of the protein?

A

the sequence of the amino acids

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9
Q

How many different amino acids are used in the body?

A

20 and they all share the same basic structure

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10
Q

What does the amino acid contain?

A
  • a central carbon atom attached to a hydrogen atom - an amino group (NH₂) - a carboxyl group (COOH) - a unique group of atoms called a side chain designated by the letter R (defines each amino acid) (the side chain can be simple or complex)
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11
Q

What does the amino acid contain?

A
  • a central carbon atom attached to a hydrogen atom - an amino group (NH₂) - a carboxyl group (COOH) - a unique group of atoms called a side chain designated by the letter R (defines each amino acid)
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12
Q

Amino acids can be linked together in how many combinations to form proteins?

A

an infinite variety

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13
Q

What determines the nature and function of the resultant protein?

A

the specific combination of amino acids as ordered by the cell’s DNA

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14
Q

A bond between one amino acids is what type of bond?

A

a peptide bond Example: a carboxyl group of one amino acid links with the amino group of another amino acid

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15
Q

What is a dipeptide bond?

A

a short chain of two amino acids

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16
Q

What is a tripeptide bond?

A

a chain of three amino acids linked together

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17
Q

What is it called when the amino acid chain exceeds 100 amino acids?

A

a protein

18
Q

What is the secondary structure of a protein?

A

the natural bend of parts of the peptide chain as it is formed in three dimensions

19
Q

When are the bends stabilized in the secondary structure of a protein?

A

when the atoms of the protein molecule form weak hydrogen bonds with each other or dehydration synthesis (can be either helical(spiral) or pleated)

20
Q

When are the bends stabilized in the secondary structure of a protein?

A

when the atoms of the protein molecule form weak hydrogen bonds with each other (can be either helical(spiral) or pleated)

21
Q

What is the tertiary structure?

A

the overall shape of a single protein molecule

22
Q

What kind of bond occurs when there is a chain of three amino acids linked together?

A

a tripeptide bond

23
Q

What are structural proteins?

A

stable, rigid, water-insoluable proteins that are used for adding strength to tissues or cells often call fibrous proteins (because of their long, stringy shape) Examples: collagen - located in the main protein in connective tissues like ligaments, cartilage, bone, and tendons, fibrin, and keatin

24
Q

What are functional proteins?

A

generally water-soluble and have a flexible, three-dimensional shape, which can change under different circumstances

25
Q

Why are functional proteins called globular proteins?

A

because they have a convoluted changeable shape

26
Q

What are some examples of Globular proteins?

A

Hemoglobin, antibodies, protein-based hormones, and enzymes

27
Q

What are the functions of a functional (globular) protein?

A

chemical reactions, transport of molecules, regulation of metabolism, immune system

28
Q

What is an example of a chemical reaction in a functional (globular) protein?

A

protein enzymes: essential to almost every biochemical reaction in the body

29
Q

What is an example of a transport of molecules in a functional (globular) protein?

A

Hemoglobin transports oxygen in the blood

30
Q

What is an example of regulation of metabolism in a functional (globular) protein?

A

Peptide hormones: regulate metabolic activity, growth, and development. Ex: thyroid hormone regulates metabolic rate and insulin regulates blood sugar levels

31
Q

What is an example of an immune system in a functional (globular) protein?

A

antibodies (immunoglobulins) are proteins created by immune cells that recognize foreign substances such as viruses

32
Q

What is an example of an immune system in a functional (globular) protein?

A

antibodies (immunoglobulins) are proteins created by immune cells that recognize foreign substances such as viruses

33
Q

What are the functions of a structural (fibrous) protein?

A

structural framework and physical movement

34
Q

Within the structural framework of a Protein structure, give an example of physical movement.?

A

Actin and Myosin; contractile proteins found in muscles; actin also used for intracellular transport

35
Q

Within the structural framework of a Protein structure, give an example of structural framework?

A

Actin and myosin: contractile proteins found in muscle; actin also used for intracellular transport

36
Q

Functions of proteins

A

Table 2-3

37
Q

What are enzymes?

A

essential to the body in their role of catalyzing chemical reactions; speed up a chemical reaction without being distroyed or changed and they are specific to the reaction that they catalyze and to their substrates, which are the substances they act upon.

38
Q

A dipeptide is formed when two amino acids combine by ______________.

A

Dehydration synthesis

39
Q

The primary structure of proteins consists of ………?

A

a sequence of amino acids

40
Q

The secondary structure can be either helical or ________ and held by hydrogen bonds between nearby amino and carboxyl groups

A

pleated

41
Q

What is the quarternary structure of a protein?

A

is when two or more protein chains join to form a complex macromolecule

42
Q

What is a disulfide bond?

A

a covalent bond - is stronger than a hydrogen bond, just an attraction

biochemistry- vic (11 decks)

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