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biochemistry- vic > Chapter 2 & 3 week 7-22 & 7-24 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 & 3 week 7-22 & 7-24 Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to the energy level as you go down the periodic table?

A

the energy level moves up

The higher the energy level, the lower the level on the periodic table.

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2
Q

Is the outer shell of an element the highest level or the lowest level?

A

highest level

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3
Q

What happens when atoms are joined together by chemical bonds?

A

a molecule results

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4
Q

If two or more atoms of the same element are joined together, what do we call it?

A

molecule of the element

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5
Q

What does the subscript in O₂ mean?

A

the subscript 2 represents the number of atoms in the molecule

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6
Q

What does the compound NaCl stand for?

A

Sodium Chloride

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7
Q

What does the compound CO₂ stand for?

A

Carbon dioxide

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8
Q

What is a molecule?

A

the smallest unit of a compound that retains the properties of that compound

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9
Q

What is an element?

A

cannot be divided by ordinary chemical process into another substance
- there are 112 elements - 92 occur in nature

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10
Q

What is a chemical symbol?

A

what each element is referred to as

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11
Q

How many times does Carbon like to bond?

A

4 times

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12
Q

What is a chemical bond?

A

it is a reaction

atoms are sharing or transferring electrons

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13
Q

What is ionization?

A

Ionization is when an atom or molecule gains either a positive or negative charge.

  • It can occur in one of two ways: first, when electrons are either gained or lost by a particle;
  • second, when one atom or molecule combines with another atom or molecule that already has a charge.
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14
Q

What is an ion?

A

The charged particle itself is called an ion.

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15
Q

What is a cation?

A

Ions that are positively charged

Example: Sodium - electrical charge is positive

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16
Q

What is an anion?

A

ions that are negatively charged

Example: Chloride - electrical charge is negative

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17
Q

What is an electrostatic attraction?

A

when two atoms are drawn to each other by their respective electrical charges

18
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to anther

  • has to have metal in it
  • high melting and high boiling point
  • salt takes a lot of heat to melt it
  • orbitals do not overlap
  • only solid at room temperature
  • electrically reactive
  • soluble in water
19
Q

What is oxidized?

A

When something gives up an electron

20
Q

What are the functions that an ion is involved in, in the animal body?

A

contraction of muscle fibers, transmission of nerve impulses, and maintenance of water balance

21
Q

What is an hydrogen bond?

A

not really an ionic bond because it is so weak - like a balloon on a wall
- weak electrostatic bond

22
Q

When an element gains an electron (negative charge what is it called?

A

it is a reduction

23
Q

What are the three types of chemical bonds?

A

covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds

24
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

the bond formed when atoms share electrons

  • medium to weak bonds
  • only between non-metals - ex: methane CH
  • low melting point - room temperature, boiling point
  • are liquid or gases at room temperature
  • will not conduct electricity
  • orbitals overlap
25
Q

What is a single covalent bond?

A

formed when one electron is shared

26
Q

What is a double covalent bond?

A

formed when two electrons are shared

27
Q

What is a triple covalent bond?

A

formed when three electrons are shared

28
Q

What is a polar molecule?

A

it has oppositely charged ends

29
Q

What is a polar covalent bond?

A

unequal sharing of electrons

one atom has a higher electro-negativity than the other atom

30
Q

What is chemical reactions?

A

chemical behavior - how it reacts when it comes into contact with another atom

31
Q

What is catabolism (catalize)?

A

breaking down nutrients - coming in

- utilize the proteins (20 amino acids

32
Q

What is anobolize (anobolism)?

A

the building up of - the rest goes out in waste

33
Q

What is a reactant?

A

beginning substances in a reaction

34
Q

What is a product?

A

ending substance in a reaction

35
Q

What is needed for cell division?

A

ATP

36
Q

Muscle fibers are …?

A

multi-nucleated - many nuclei in one cell

37
Q

Describe mitochondria

A

purpose is to produce a protein - manufacturing plant for protein - if we need more amino acids
- produces 95% of our energy comes from mitochondria
- Kreb cycle happens here
Acetyl COA hapens outside this organelle
ATP is produced here
- powerhouse of the cell
- contains DNA & RNA

38
Q

How and why does mitochondria reproduce itself?

A

When there is a high demand of mitochondria (such as muscle), mitochondria will reproduce itself

  • through fission (simply a pinching off
  • they will go where they are demanded where there is a greater demand
39
Q

What is ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate

40
Q

What are ribosome and how does it make ATP’s

A

subunits contain protein RNA, site for protein synthesis. Found in Eucaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Found on rough Endoplasmic reticulum

biochemistry- vic (11 decks)

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