PROTEIN SYNTHESIS/T7 Flashcards
TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION ARE 2 MAJOR PARTS OF?
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
THERE ARE 2 PARTS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, TRANSCRIPTION + TRANSLATION.
TRANSCRIPTION WITH A “C” IS BEFORE TRANSLATION WITH AN “L”.
WHAT DESCRIBES A CODON?
-CODON IS A SEQUENCE OF 3 NUCLEOTIDES THAT CODE FOR A SPECIFIC AMINO ACID
- A STOP CODON SIGNALS TO STOP PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
- A START CODON INITIATES PROTEIN SYNTHESIS + THE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE FOR A START CODON IS AUG
-A CODON IS MADE UP OF 3 NUCLEOTIDE BASES
- A CODON CODES FOR ONE SINGLE AMINO ACID (THAT WILL EVENTUALLY MAKE UP A PROTEIN)
- THE CODON THAT NORMALLY INITIATES PROTEINS SYNTHESIS IS “AUG” + THERE ARE VARIOUS “STOP” CODONS THAT SIGNAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS TO STOP
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF RNA POLYMERASE ENZYME?
RNA POLYMERASE TRANSCRIBES THE NUCLEOTIDE CODE FROM THE ANTISENSE STRAND TO MAKE THE MRNA STRAND.
PAIR THE RNA WITH THE CORRECT DESCRIPTION:
TRNA = DECODES THE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE + CREATES THE CORRECT AMINO ACID FROM THE CODE
MRNA= TRANSPORTS THE DNA INFO FROM THE NUCLEUS TO THE RIBOSOME
rRNA= CREATES THE STRUCTURE OF THE RIBOSOME
TRANSFER RNA DECODES THE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE + MAKES AN AMINO ACID OUT OF IT, THIS HAPPENS IN TRANSLATION (WITHIN THE RIBOSOMES)
RIBOSOMAL RNA MAKES THE STRUCTURE OF THE RIBOSOMES
WHAT STATEMENT IS TRUE REGARDING PROTEIN SYNTHESIS?
-IN TRANSCRIPTION MRNA IS MADE FROM A TEMPLATE STRAND OF DNA
- AS THE NUCLEOTIDE BASES ARE COPIED FROM DNA TO RNA DURING TRANSCRIPTION.
THYMINE IS REPLACED W/URACIL - TRANSLATION HAPPENS IN THE RIBOSOMES.
DURING TRANSCRIPTION, MRNA IS AMDE FROM THE TEMPLATE STRAND OF DNA. DURING THIS PROCESS URACIL (IN MRNA) REPLACES TYMINE BECAUSE THERE IS NO THYMINE IN RNA
REMEMBER THE SECOND PART OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IS TRANSLATION + IT HAPPENS IN RIBOSOMES
TRUE OR FALSE
TRANSCRIPTION IS THE PROCESS OF MRNA BEING MADE OUT OF DNA?
TRUE.
THE OTHER MAJOR THING THAT HAPPENS DURING TRANSCRIPTION IS THE MRNA STRAND TRAVELS AWAY FROM THE NUCLEUS+TOWARDS A RIBOSOME.
WHAT DESCRIBES THE BEST FUNCTION OF MRNA?
MRNA CARRIES THE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE THAT WILL ASSIST IN TRANSLATION.
*MRNA CARRIES A TRANSCRIPTION , SPECIFICIALLY THIS TRANSACRIPTION IS A COPY OF THE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE IN DNA. THIS TRANSCRIPTION ASSIST IN MAKING AMINO ACIDS THAT WILL EVENTUALLY BECOME PROTEINS.
WHERE DOES THE PROCESS OF TRANSLATION HAPPEN IN THE CELL?
IN THE CYTOPLASM, SPECIFICALLY INSIDE A RIBOSOME.
*TECHNICALLY, TRANSLATION HAPPENS IN RIBOSOMES. HOWEVER, YOU MIGHT SEE “CYTOPLASM” REFERRED TO AS THE PLACE WHERE TRANSLATION HAPPENS. ITS VAGUE BUT TRUE.
CYTOPLASM GENERALLY INCLUDES EVERYTHING WITHIN THE CELL WALLS.
LIKE THE JELLY-LIKE MATERIALS THAT SURROUNDS ALL OF THE ORGANELLES (CYTOSOL) + THE NETWORK OF PROTEIN FIBERS + TUBES THAT MAINTAIN THE STRUCTURE OF THE CELL (CYTOSKELETON)
CYTOPLASM=CYTOSOL+CYTOSKELETON
WHERE IS SNA STORED IN THE CELL?
DNA IS STORED IN TIGHTLY PACKED CHROMATIN WITHIN THE NUCLEUS
*DNA IS STORED WITHIN THE NUCLEUS OF THE CELL.
DNA IS ORGANIZED + COMPACTED INTO CHROMATIN.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEST DESCRIBES THE ROLE OF TRNA?
TRNA SERVED AS A LINK (OR ADAPTOR) BETWEEEN THE MESSENGER RNA (MRNA) MOLECULE
*TRNA POPS UP IN THE TRANSLATION PART OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. ITS JOB IS TO READ MRNAS NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE + MAKE THE APPROPRIATE AMINO ACID FROM IT.
EVERY CODON IT READS (REMEMBER, A CODON IS 3 NUCLEOTIDES) WILL EQUAL ONE AMINO ACID.
TRUE OR FALSE?
A CODON IS MADE OF 3 NITROGENOUS BASES
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
HELICASE IS THE PROTEIN THAT “UNZIPS” DNA BY SEPARATING BOND PAIRS
TRUE.
DURING TRANSCRIPTION, HELICASE PROTEIN “UNZIPS” DNA SO THAT RNA POLYMERASE ENZYME CAN BEGIN REPLICATION USING THE SEPARATED STRANDS OF DNA.
IF RNA POLYMERASE READ THE NUCLEOTIDE “ADENINE” ON THE TEMPLATE STRAND, WHAT COMPLIMENT NUCLEOTIDE WILL IT PRODUCE ON THE MRNA?
URACIL
ADENINE PAIRS WITH URACIL IN RNA, SO URACIL WILL BE MADE ON THE RNA STRAND.
