100 SCIENCE QUESTIONS STUDY GUIDE

Question 1

THE STRUCTURE OF THE DNA IS REFERRED TO AS:

Answer 1

• DOUBLE HELIX
• THE OUTER PAT OF THE HELIX IS MADE OF THE 2 STRAND ( THE LADDER)
  -THE STRANDS ARE COMPOSED OF A PHOSPHATE & ALTERNATING SUGAR
• THE INNER PART THAT HOLDS 2 STRANDS TOGETHER IS COMPOSED OF NUCLEOTIDE BASES
  -THE END OF EACH DNA MOLECULE IS IDENTIFIED WITH A #
  -THIS # IS EITHER 3 (3 PRIME) OR 5 (5 PRIME)
  -THE #S 3 & 5 REFER TO THE # OF CARBON ATOMS IN THE SUGAR
  -BOTH STRANDS RUN ANTI-PARALLEL TO EACH OTHER
  -ONE RUNS FROM 5’ TO 3’ WHILE THE OTHER RUNS IN 3 TO 5 PRIME

Question 2

TRUE OR FALSE ?
THE MRNA IS COPIED FROM THE TEMPLATE STRAND. THE MRNA HAS THE EXACT SAME NUCLEOTIED SEQUENCE AS THE NON-TEMPLATE STRAND, EXCEPT FOR URACIL REPLACES THYMINE.

Answer 2

TRUE.
MRNA IS MADE FROM THE TEMPLATE STRAND, ALSO CALLED THE ANTI-SENSE STRAND.
ALTHOUGH THE TEMPLATE STRAND RUNS FROM 3 TO 5 MRNA GROWS FROM 5 TO 3, THIS IS THE EXACT SEQUENCE AS THE NON -TEMPLATE STRAND (OR SENSE STRAND)

Question 3

WHICH REPRESENTS THE CORRECT NUCLEOTIDE BASE PAIRING IN RNA?

Answer 3

ADENINE URACIL

GUANINE CYTOSINE

IN RNA ADENINE PAIRS W/ URACIL & GUANINE PAIRS W/ CYTOSINE

Question 4

TRUE OR FALSE
IN DNA ADENINE & THYMINE ALWAYS PAIR TOGETHER?

Answer 4

TRUE.
IN DNA ADENINE & THYMINE PAIR

Question 5

THE JOB OF A NUCLEOTIDE IS ?

Answer 5

AMINO ACID
NUCLEOTIDES CODE FOR AMINO ACIDS + AMINO ACIDS ARE THE MONOMERS OF PROTEINS (THEY MAKE PROTEINS)

Question 6

WHAT ARE THE TWO KINDS OF NITROGENOUS BASES THAT MAKE UP DNA + RNA?

Answer 6

PURINES + PYRIMIDINES
* NITROGENOUS BASES ARE SEPARATED INTO 2 CATEGORIES
-PURINES
- PYRIMIDINES

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE?
IN RNA ADENINE + THYMINE ALWAYS PAIR

Answer 7

FALSE.
IN RNA, ADENINE + URACIL ALWAYS PAIR

Question 8

HOW IS INFO CODED ON DNA?

Answer 8

• IN THE 5’ TO 3’ DIRECTION ON THE SENSE STRAND
  -MRNA IS CODED USING THE ANTISENSE TEMPLATE STRAND
  -IT RUNS IN THE 3 TO 5 DIRECTION
  -ALTHOUGH INFO IS CODED OFF THE ANTI-SENSE STRAND; THE END RESULT OF MRNA WILL LOOK ALIKE TO THE SENSE STRAND B/C THEY BOTH GO IN THE 5 TO 3 DIRECTION

Question 9

TRUE OR FALSE?
IN DNA GUANINE + CYTOSINE ALWAYS PAIR TOGETHER?

Answer 9

TRUE.

Question 10

WHICH IS THE CORRECT AMOUNT OF CHROMOSOMES FOUND IN A HUMAN CELL ?

Answer 10

46
IN EACH SOMATIC (HUMAN) CELL, THERE ARE 23 PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES.
EACH PAIR IS MADE UP OF ONE MATERNAL AND ONE PATERNAL CHROMOSOME. 23 PAIRS FROM EACH PARENT

Question 11

TRUE OR FALSE?
CHROMOSOMES ARE MADE UP OF TIGHTLY COILED DNA WRAPPED AROUND HISTONE PROTEINS.

Answer 11

TRUE.
DNA IS MADE OF NUCLEOTIDES + DNA IS ORGANIZED INTO GENES.

Question 12

NUCLEOTIDES ARE THE __________________ OF RNA + DNA.

Answer 12

MONOMERS

MONOMERS ARE THE “BUILDING BLOCKS” OF MACROMOLECULES. NUCLEOTIDES ARE WHAT MAKE DNA+ RNA SO THEY ARE REFERRED TO AS THE MONOMERS OF RNA + DNA. DNA + RNA ARE NUCLEIC ACIDS.
ONE OF THE 4 MACROMOLECULES.

Question 13

WHICH DESCRIBES THE CORRECT ARRANGEMENT FROM SMALLEST TO LARGEST?

Answer 13

DNA, GENE, CHROMOSOME
DNA MAKE GENES+GENES MAKE CHROMOSOMES GENES MAKE CHROMOSOMES.

Question 14

WHICH IS THE CORRECT NUCLEOTIDE BASE PAIRING IN DNA?

Answer 14

ADENINE THYMINE
GUANINE CYTOSINE

IN DNA, ADENINE ALWAYS PAIRS W/THYMINE + GUANINE ALWAYS PAIRS WITH CYTOSINE.

Question 15

CORRECT PURINE BASE PAIRS IN DNA +RNA ?

Answer 15

IN BOTH RNA + DNA, ADENINE + GUANINE PAIR

Question 16

THE 5 BASES THAT MAKE UP DNA + DNA ARE DIVIDED INTO 2 CATEGORIES?

Answer 16

PURINE OR PYRIMIDINE
* PURINE ALWAYS PAIRS W/A PYRIMIDINE
WHEN ANY OF TH E5 BASIS COMBINE W/ A SUGAR, THEY ARE REFERRED TO AS “NUCLEOSIDES”

NUCLEOSIDES FORM FROM PURINES
-END IN -OSINE
- NUCLEOTIDES FORMED FROM PYRIMIDINES END IN -IDINE

Question 17

WHAT ARE NUCLEOTIDES MADE OF?

Answer 17

PHOSPHATE, SUGAR + NITROGENOUS BASE

A NUCLEOTIDE MAKES THE DNA STRUCTURE.
IT IS MADE OF A NITROGENOUS BASE
THYMINE, ADENINE, GUANINE, CYTOSINE
A DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR + A PHOSPHATE