BASICS OF BIOLOGY

Question 1

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE EUKARYOTIC?

Answer 1

• PLANTS
  -FUNGI
  -ANIMALS

EUKARYOTIC CELLS -> HAVE A NUCLEUS
PLANTS -ANIMALS-FUNGI

PROKARYOTIC CELLS -> NO NUCLEUS

BACTERIA-ARCHAEA-CYANOBACTERIA

Question 2

WHICH OF THE FOLLWING ARE TRUE REGARDING THE PROPERTIES OF WATER?

Answer 2

• WATER IS THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT
• WATER IS COHESIVE & ADHESIVE
• WATER IS POLAR
• WATER MOLECULES FORM WEAK HYDROGEN BONDS WITH OTHER NEARBY WATER MOLECULES
• HIGH BOILING PLANT

-WATER IS POLAR B/C THE BONDS BETWEEN HYDROGEN AND
OXYGEN ARE POLAR COVALENT BONDS.

-WATER HEATS UP AND COOLS DOWN SLOWLY B/C IT RETAINS HEAT SO WELL-MAKING THE BOILING POINT HIGH.

WATER’S RIGIDITY CREATES HIGH SURFACE TENSION AND MAKES IT STABLE.

Question 3

WHICH OF THE FOLLWIING BEST DESCRIBES HOMEOSTASIS?

Answer 3

HOMEOSTASIS IS A STATE OF BALANCE & ADAPTATION BOTH PHYSICAL + CHEMICAL BALANCE ARE MAINTAINED WITHIN CERTAIN PARAMETERS BY USING HOMEOSTASIS.

*FOR THE BODY TO FUNCTION PROPERLY , THERE MUST BE A CERTAIN RANGE OF HEART RATE. TEMPERATURE, OXYGEN LEVELS & MORE.

THESE SET POINTS ARE ALL MAINTAINED BY PROCESS OF HOMEOSTASIS.

HOMEOSTASIS MONITORS & MAINTAINS A STABLE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT BY USING NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE FEEDBACK.

Question 4

WHICH OF THE FOLLWING TRUE STATEMENTS APPLY?

Answer 4

• PASSIVE TRANSPORT IS THE MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS A CELL MEMBRANE WITHOUT CELLULAR ENERGY
• ACTIVE TRANSPORT IS THE MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS A CELL MEMBRANE WITH CELLULAR ENERGY
• ENDOCYTOSIS IS A TYPE OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT.

ACTIVE TRANSPORT= REQUIRES ENERGY IN THE FORM OF ATP

ENDOCYTOSIS (INCL EXOCYTOSIS) ARE A TYPE OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT

PASSIVE TRANSPORT= DOES NOT REQUIRE ENERGY OSMOSIS IS A TYPE OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT.

Question 5

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBE A HYPERTONIC SOLUTION?

Answer 5

IN A HYPERTONIC SOLUTION THE EXTRA CELLULAR FLUID HAS A HIGHER SOLUTE CONCENTRATION THAN THE INTRACELLULAR FLUID.

HYPERTRONIC SOLUTION= EXTRACELLULAR (FLUID OUTSIDE CELL) FLUID IS HIGHER CONCENTRATION THAM INTRACELLULAR FLUID (WITHIN THE CELL)

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION= EXTRACELLULAR FLUID HAS LOWER CONCENTRATION THAN THE INSIDE OF THE CELL

ISOTONIC= EXTRACELLULAR FLUID IS THE SAME CONCENTRATION AS THE INSIDE OF THE CELL

Question 6

WHICH OF THE FOLLWING IS THE CORRECT ORDER FROM SMALLEST TO LARGEST OF THE BODIES HIERARCHY?

Answer 6

ATOM -> CELL->TISSUE->ORGAN->ORGAN SYSTEM->ORGANISM

STARTING FROM SMALLEST TO LARGEST
THE CORRECT ORDER OF THE BODIES BIOLOGICAL HIERARCHY IS AS FOLLOWS:

-ATOMS

• CELLS
• TISSUES

-ORGANS

• ORGAN SYSTEM

-ORGANISM

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE.

BACTERIA IS RESPONSIBLE FOR DISEASE SUCH AS TUBERCULOSIS AND MENINGITIS

Answer 7

TRUE.

NOT ALL BACTERIA ARE HARMFUL TO OUR BODIES.

WE HAVE COLONIES OF BACTERIA IN OUR DIGESTIVE TRACT.

Question 8

TRUE OR FALSE

VIRUSES ARE NON -CELLULAR ENTITIES THAT ARE MADE OF DNA/RNA & PROTEINS?

Answer 8

TRUE.

ALTHOUGH VIRUSES ARE CLASSIFIED AS MICRO ORGANISMS, THEY ARE NOT LIVING THINGS.

THEY ARE MADE OF DNA/RNA + NUCLEIC ACID ENCAPSULATED IN A PROTEIN COATING CALLED A CAPSID.

Question 9

TRUE OR FALSE.

THE 2 DISEASE CATEGORIES ARE INFECTIONS & NON-INFECTIOUS

Answer 9

TRUE.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES ARE SPREADABLE TO OTHERS AND ARE ALSO CALLED “COMMUNICABLE DISEASES”.

NON- INFECTIOUS DISEASE ARE NOT SPREADABLE TO OTHERS.