Protein Synthesis And Mutation Flashcards
What is a gene ?
Specific sequence of nucleotides along a DNA molecule that codes for a particular polypeptide chain or RNA molecule
What does The Central dogma of molecular biology describe ?
The unidirectional flow of genetic information from DNA through RNA to polypeptide
Where does DNA replication occur in eukaryotic cell ?
Nucleus
Where does DNA replication occur in prok cell ?
Nucleoid
Where does transcription occur in euk cell ?
Nucleus
Where does transcription occur in prok cell ?
Nucleoid
Where does translation occur in euk cell ?
Cytoplasm
Where does translation occur in prok cell ?
Cytoplasm
What is RNA?
A polymer of ribonucleotides joined by phosphodiester bond
What is the pentose sugar present in RNA ?
Ribose sugar
What are the nitrogenous bases of RNA ?
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
Uracil (U)
Which base does uracil replace from DNA?
Thymine (T)
Are RNA single stranded or double stranded ?
Most are single stranded but an RNA molecule may contain regions which loop back upon itself due to complementary base pairing
What are the three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis ?
Messenger RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Transfer RNA
What is mRNA ?
A single-stranded polynucleotide which carries the information of DNA out from the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm where proteins are made
What makes up a codon ?
3 mRNA bases in a row
What does a codon code for ?
A certain AA
Lifespan of mRNA ?
Short-lived (degraded once it has been translated)
What is the structure of rRNA ?
Single-stranded but may fold into different shapes
Where is rRNA synthesised ?
In the nucleolus region of the nucleus
Which RNA is a major component of ribosomes ?
rRNA
What is the characteristic shape of tRNA ?
Clover-leaf shape
How does tRNA forms its characteristic clover-leaf shape ?
It folds upon itself through complementary base pairing
What does the 5’ end of tRNA always end in ?
G (guanine)