nucleic Acid And DNA Replication Flashcards
What is the genetic material of all living things ?
Nucleic acid DNA
What is The Central dogma of the molecular biology ?
Process which
1. genetic information carried by DNA is transmitted through generations through DNA replication
2. Within a cell, genetic information of genes is used to make proteins through the process of transcription and translation
What is the process where DNA is converted into RNA ?
Transcription
What is the process where RNA is converted into proteins ?
Translation
What are the two types of nucleic acids ?
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
What are the monomers that make up nucleic acids called?
Nucleotides
What are the three components of a nucleotide ?
Pentose sugar (5C) - ribose (RNA) or deoxyribose (DNA)
Inorganic phosphate group
Nitrogenous base
What is the difference between a ribose and a deoxyribose sugar ?
Ribose has -OH group on carbon 2 while deoxyribose has -H (both projecting downwards)
Where is the inorganic phosphate group attached to on the pentose sugar ?
Carbon 5 (not part of the ring)
What gives rise to the negative charge on the nucleotides ?
The inorganic phosphate group
Is teh nitrogenous base hydrophobic or hydrophilic ?
Hydrophobic
What bonds are formed in complementary base pairing ?
hydrogen bonds
What are the two groups of nitrogenous bases ?
Purines and pyrimidines
Which of the two types of nitrogenous bases are bigger in size ?
Purines
How many ring structures does purines have ?
Two
How many ring structures do pyrimidines have ?
One
Which nitrogenous bases are purines ?
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Which nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines ?
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Uracil (U)
What reaction do the components of nucleotide undergo to form the nucleotides ?
Condensation reaction
What is the bond formed between the nitrogenous base and pentose sugar called ?
Glycosidic bond
Which carbon of the pentose sugar is the nitrogenous base joined to ?
Carbon 1
What is the bond between the inorganic phosphate group and the pentose sugar in a single nucleotide called ?
Phosphoester bond
Which carbon is the inorganic phosphate joined to ?
Carbon 5
How many condensation reactions occur in the formation of one nucleotide ? And where ?
Two - one between nitrogenous base and pentose sugar, another between inorganic phosphate and pentose sugar