protein synthesis Flashcards
peptide bond
a chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water
tRNA
decodes the message of the RNA
translation
the process in which ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ER synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA in the cell’s nucleus
protein
base of DNA
genes
what DNA is
rRNA
one side of RNA
Codon
a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
Amino Acid
a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group.
The base of Protein which is the base of DNA
polypeptide
a linear organic polymer consisting of a large number of amino-acid residues bonded together in a chain, forming part of (or the whole of) a protein molecule.
transcription
reading the RNA
Anto-codon
a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA.
protein synthesis
making protein
mRNA
messenger RNA
RNA polymerase
makes RNA by splitting DNA
central dogma
The central dogma of molecular biology describes the two-step process, transcription and translation, by which the information in genes flows into proteins: DNA → RNA → protein
