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Bio 12 > Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Protein Synthesis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

_______ for diabetic patients can be synthesized by bacteria that have undergone recombinant DNA processes

A

Insulin

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2
Q

The final phase of translation where the amino acid chain is released from the ribosome

A

Termination

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3
Q

A gene mutation where a nucletide is removed from a gene

A

Deletion

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4
Q

______ bonds from between the nitrogenous bases in the DNA molecule

A

Hydrogen

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5
Q

Unlike DNA, RNA is a _____ - stranded DNA molecule

A

Single

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6
Q

The shape of the DNA molecule

A

Double helix

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7
Q

Something that can get DNA from one species into the cells of another species

A

Vector

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8
Q

Any factor which causes a mutation is called a ______

A

Mutagen

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9
Q

A gene mutation where one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide

A

Substitution

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10
Q

DNA and RNA are both types of

A

Nucleic acid

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11
Q

If a DNA strand read GATGGCTCA, the complimentary DNA strand would read __

A

CTACCGAGT

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12
Q

This type of RNA is used in the ribosome during protein synthesis

A

rRNA

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13
Q

The process of DNA making copies of itself

A

Replication

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14
Q

The first phase of translation where the mRNA and first tRNA join up with the small ribosomal subunit is called _____

A

Initiation

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15
Q

DNA is found in the _____ of eukaryotic cells

A

Nucleus

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16
Q

Many ribosomes can be translating a single mRNA strand at the same time - this unit is called a

A

Polysume

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17
Q

The enzyme that adds nucleotides to the growing strand during transcription

A

RNA polymerase

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18
Q

A nitrogenous base with a double rind structure

A

Purine

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19
Q

Protein that associate with DNA to form chromosomes

A

Histones

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20
Q

The enzyme that “unzips “the DNA strand during replication

A

Helicase

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21
Q

A DNA subunit made up of three components

A

Nucleotide

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22
Q

The three letter sequence on tRNA that is complimentary to an mRNA codon

A

Anticodon

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23
Q

This type of RNA delivers amino acids to the ribosomes

A

tRNA

24
Q

Chromosomal _____ occur when entire portions of chromosomes are removed

A

deletions

25
Q

A change to the base - pair sequence of a DNA molecule

A

Mutation

26
Q

A chromosomal mutation where a piece of chromosome is “flipped”

A

Insulin

27
Q

Protein are made up of chains of ______ strung together

A

Amino acids

28
Q

This type of RNA brings the instructions from the DNA molecule to the ribosomes

A

mRNA

29
Q

DNA is made up of many repeating subunits and is therefore referred to as being a _______

A

Polymer

30
Q

Replication of the DMA molecule is considered to be a ______ process because each daughter strand contains half “old DNA” and “new DNA

A

Semi conservative

31
Q

The reading of an mRNA strand by a ribosome to make a protein is called _______

A

Translation

32
Q

UV light and X rays are example of _______ mutagens

A

Radiation

33
Q

A _______ mutation affects only one gene

A

Gene

34
Q

HPV is an example of a ______ mutagen

A

Viral

35
Q

A gene mutation where a nucleotide is inserted into a gene

A

Addition

36
Q

A chromosomal mutation where a piece of one chromosome is transferred to another chromosome

A

Translocation

37
Q

RNA contains one nitrogenous base not found in DNA called

A

Uracil

38
Q

A nitrogenous base with a single ring structure

A

Pyramidine

39
Q

Completed proteins are sent to the ______ for final processing and packaging

A

Golgi apparatus

40
Q

Benzene and dioxins are examples of _________ mutagens

A

Chemical

41
Q

A chromosomal mutation where a portion of a chromosome repeats itself

A

Duplication

42
Q

A mutagen that causes cancer is called a

A

Carcinogen

43
Q

_______ mutations occur in the gametes or early on in embryological development

A

Germinal

44
Q

________ bonds form between adjoining amino acids

A

Peptide

45
Q

The number of Purine bases will always equal the number of pyramidine bases according to __________’s rule

A

Chargaff

46
Q

_______ base pairing means that only A will pair with T and only G will pair with C

A

Complimentary

47
Q

The amino acid chain is released from the ribosome when a stop codon signals for a _________ _______ where all codons downstream of the mutation are altered

A

Release factor

48
Q

A small, circular piece of DNA that can be used to transfer DNA from one species to another species

A

Plasmid

49
Q

A ______ mutation affects many genes because large portions of chromosomes are altered

A

Chromosomes

50
Q

Addition and deletion mutation can cause devastating effects because they cause a ______ ______ where all codons downstream of the mutation are altered

A

Frame shift

51
Q

The enzyme that adds new DNA nucleotides to the growing strand during replication

A

DNA polymerase

52
Q

The second phase of translation where the amino acid chain grows is called

A

Elongation

53
Q

If the DNA strand read GATCCTAA the mRNA strand transcribed from it would read ______

A

CUAGGAUU

54
Q

Strong _____ bonds form between the sugar and phosphates to form the backbone of the molecule

A

Covalent

55
Q

The three letter sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid

A

Codon

56
Q

________ mutations occur in cells after birth

A

Somatic

57
Q

During transcription, the _____ strand of the DNA molecule is used to code for the mRNA molecule

A

Sense

Bio 12 (7 decks)

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