Protein Synthesis Flashcards
What are the three types of RNA?
Messenger RNA (mRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA)
What are genes?
coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within a cell
What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?
serves as the messenger from DNA to the ribosome (site of protein production)
What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
protein are assembled on ribosomes which contain a strand of rRNA
What is the function of transfer RNA?
transfers each amino acid to the ribosomes as specified by mRNA coded messages from the nucleus
How many genes code for a protein?
1
What are the two major stages in protein synthesis?
- Transcription - synthesis of mRNA from the DNA template
2. Translation - synthesis of a protein from the mRNA template
Will the mRNA stand be complementary to the DNA strand it was written from?
Yes
Where does transcription occur?
In the nucleus
What is a codons?
Three nitrogen bases from mRNA that specify for a specific amino acid (builds a protein)
Where does translation occur?
on the ribosomes
How many different codon combinations are there?
64
What does the AUG codon code for?
Tells ribosome to start building the protein
How does tRNA know which amino acid goes where?
due to its complementary codon/anticodon relationship
