Protein Synthesis

Question 1

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 1

Ribonucleic acid

Question 2

What is RNA?

Answer 2

Single stranded copy of DNA.

4 nucleotide: A, C, G & U (Uracil).
Complementary base pairing is
U = A, C = G

Question 3

What are the different types of RNA?

Answer 3

• messenger RNA (mRNA)
• ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
• transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 4

RNA structure

Answer 4

4 nucleotide: A, C, G & U (Uracil).
Complementary base pairing is
U = A, C = G

Question 5

What are the two stages of protein synthesis and where do they occur?

Answer 5

Transcription: inside the
nucleus.
Translation: inside the
cytoplasm.

Question 6

What is transcription?

Answer 6

The process of making a copy of DNA.

Question 7

The steps of transcription

Answer 7

1. The gene in the nucleus unwinds to expose the bases.
2. Free mRNA nucleotides in the nucleus make a
   complementary strand of the DNA.
3. The mRNA leaves the nucleus through a pore.

Question 8

What is translation?

Answer 8

takes place on ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm, where mRNA is read and translated into the string of amino acid chains that make up the synthesised protein.

Question 9

The steps of translation

Answer 9

1. The mRNA attaches to a
   ribosome in the cytoplasm.
2. The tRNA attaches its
   anticodon to the matching
   codon of the mRNA.
3. The tRNA releases its amino
   acid and a peptide bonds form
   between the other amino acids
   to form a protein.

Question 10

Name the terms for the 3 bases of DNA, mRNA and tRNA

Answer 10

Triplet, codon, anti-codon

Question 11

Compare DNA and RNA

Answer 11

DNA is double stranded, found only in the nucleus, has thymine, deoxyribose sugar, double helix

RNA is single stranded, has uracil, found in and out of the nucleus, ribose sugar.

They both have adenine, guanine, and cytosine, phosphate group, types of nucleotypes, nucleic acid, protein synthesis.