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233 > Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Protein Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the complete set of proteins expressed in a cell

A

Proteome

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2
Q

Which codon is the start codon of translation?

A

AUG

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3
Q

What are the three termination codons

A

UAA
UAG
UGA

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4
Q

Which other enzyme has editing function apart from DNA polymerase?

A

Aminoacyl-tRNAs

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5
Q

The direction of RNA translation

A

5’ to 3’ direction

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6
Q

Translation begins at the

A

Start codon

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7
Q

Which codon codes for tryptophan?

A

UGG

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8
Q

Codons that code for amino acids are known as

A

Sense codons

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9
Q

The three stop codons are termed as

A

Nonsense codons

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10
Q

Leucine is coded for by how many different codons

A

6

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11
Q

What codes for methionine?

A

AUG

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12
Q

What is needed for protein synthesis?

A

Ribosome
Aminoacyl-tRNA
Mature mRNA
Soluble protein factors

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13
Q

Transcription is not coupled to translation in bacteria True /False

A

False
They are coupled

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14
Q

What codon is the first in protein synthesis?

A

Methionine codon

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15
Q

Why is the genetic code degenerate?

A

This is because more than one codon codes for each amino acid

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16
Q

Which codon codes for histidine?

A

CAU

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17
Q

What happens when there is a mutation in the first two nucleotides of a codon?

A

There is a change in the amino acid formed

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18
Q

The genetic code is not degenerate.True/ False

A

False

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19
Q

This is the change in the DNA sequence within a gene

A

Mutation

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20
Q

In which mutation is there a change in a single base pair of DNA?

A

Point mutation

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21
Q

In this type of mutation there is a change in DNA but protein expression is unaffected

A

Silent mutation

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22
Q

In this mutation, change in DNA leads to a change in an amino acid

A

mis-sense mutation

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23
Q

In this mutation,change in DNA creates a termination codon

A

Nonsense mutation

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24
Q

In this mutation, changes in DNA eliminates termination codon to add new sequences.

A

Read-through mutations

25
Q

In this mutation, changes in DNA removes or introduce bases thereby change the frame of codon usage

A

Insertion or deletion mutations

26
Q

Which amino acids have 6 codons that code for each of them?

A

Serine
Arginine
Leucine

27
Q

The two parts of ribosomes

A

The small subunit
Large subunit

28
Q

Protein translation is initiated on which subunit of ribosomes

A

The smaller subunit

29
Q

The three binding sites of ribosomes

A

Aminoacyl-tRNA site
Peptidyl-tRNA site
Exit site

30
Q

The movement of the ribosome one codon at a time is called

A

Translocation

31
Q

The 3’ end of tRNA always has what kind of sequence?

A

CCA

32
Q

20% of bases are covalently modified. True/False?

A

True

33
Q

What are the adaptor molecules in translation?

A

tRNAs

34
Q

Which component of ribosomes have catalytic activity

A

The rRNA component

35
Q

Which drug confirms the presence of a tetrahedral intermediate being formed during protein synthesis?

A

Yarus inhibitor

36
Q

Which drug leads to the termination of translation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

Puromycin

37
Q

What sequence is responsible for prokaryotes being considered as Polycistronic?

A

The Shine- Dalgarno sequence in the mRNA

38
Q

How is formylmethionine able to find the correct AUG in prokaryotes?

A

The Shine-Dalgarno sequence forms complementary base pairs with the 3’ end of the 16S rRNA

39
Q

How is the right AUG found by initiator methionine tRNA in eukaryotes?

A

By locating the Kozak consensus. This is because the AUG codon is found in the Kozak consensus

40
Q

Due to the nature of the initiation signal on the mRNA, eukaryotes are considered as

A

Monocistronic

41
Q

Just a card to make you smile🥹

A

Awww😂

42
Q

IF3 is also know as

A

Dissociation factor

43
Q

What is the function of IF3?

A

It binds to the small subunit of the ribosome to prevent the premature association of the 50S subunit

44
Q

What is the function of IF1?

A

It binds to the A site of the ribosome

45
Q

What is the function of IF2?

A

It binds to the fMet-tRNA and positions it at the P-site

46
Q

What is the function of elongation factor Tu?

A

It binds to aminoacyl-tRNA with GTP to position the aminoacyl-tRNA at the A site.

47
Q

What is the function of EF-Ts?

A

It displaces GDP from EF-Tu

48
Q

What is the function of EF-G?

A

It promotes translocation by binding with GTP to the ribosome

49
Q

What is the function of EF-G?

A

It promotes translocation by binding with GTP to the ribosome

50
Q

What is the most abundant protein in bacteria?

A

EF-Tu

51
Q

During termination in Prokaryotes Release Factor(RF) 1 recognizes which stop codons?

A

UAG and UAA

52
Q

During termination in prokaryotes RF2 recognizes which stop codon?

A

UGA

53
Q

What is the corresponding EF of EF-Tu in eukaryotes?

A

eEF1alpha

54
Q

What is the corresponding EF of EF-Ts in eukaryotes?

A

eEF1B

55
Q

What is the corresponding EF of EF-G in eukaryotes?

A

eEF2

56
Q

Which release factor is the only factor that is used in protein termination in eukaryotes?

A

eRF1

57
Q

How is translation regulated in eukaryotes?

A

When eEF-2 is phosphorylated

58
Q

What substance inactivates eEF-2?

A

Diphtheria toxin

59
Q

What is the function of release factor 3 of prokaryotes

A

It recognizes RF1 and RF3 and unbinds them from their stop codons

233 (5 decks)

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