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233 > Epigenetics > Flashcards

Epigenetics Flashcards

1
Q

Which form of DNA indicates regulatory site of genes?

A

The Z-form of DNA

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2
Q

Why is the Z-form of DNA considered as a regulatory site?

A

It is made up of ‘CpG’ repeats

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3
Q

Which part of DNA is usually methylated?

A

Areas with ‘CpG’ repeats

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4
Q

Which pyrimidine when methylated leads to the silencing of gene expression?

A

Cytosine

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5
Q

What enzymes catalyze the methylation of cytosine?

A

Denovo methyl transferases

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6
Q

A region in chromosome that is not expressed is known as

A

Heterochromatic region

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7
Q

What parts of a nucleosome can gene regulation occur?

A

CpG parts of DNA
Histones
The tails of histones

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8
Q

What does acetylation lead to?

A

Gene expression

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9
Q

What does methylation lead to?

A

Gene silencing

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10
Q

What does deacetylation lead to?

A

Gene silencing

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11
Q

What causes translocation?

A

When chromosomes come very close to each other

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12
Q

The unequal expression of the maternal and paternal alleles of a gene is referred to as

A

Genomic imprinting

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13
Q

What causes genomic imprinting?

A

Methylation or deacetylation

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14
Q

A type of uniparental disomy in which the child inherits two different chromosomes from the same parent

A

Heterodisomy

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15
Q

What is Isodisomy?

A

Child inherits two identical copies of a chromosome from a single parent

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16
Q

What causes Angelman syndrome?

A

When an individual inherits two chromosome 15 from his or her dad

17
Q

What causes Prader-Willi Syndrome?

A

When an individual inherits two chromosome 15 from his or her mother

18
Q

Which enzyme allows for the conversion of a hemimethylated DNA into a fully methylated DNA?

A

DNA Methyl transferase 1

19
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for converting an unmethylated DNA into a fully methylated DNA?

A

DNA methyl transferase 3a
DNA methyl transferase 3b

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