Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Protein synthesis

Answer 1

Synthesise proteins that are either used in the cell or secreted

Question 2

Main organelles involved are

Answer 2

-Ribosomes
-RER
-Golgi apparatus
-Cytoskeleton
-vesicles

Question 3

Ribosomes

Answer 3

Site of protein synthesis

Question 4

RER

Answer 4

Flattened membrane sacs called cisternae, covered in ribosomes / near the nucleus & transport n synthesise proteins

Question 5

Golgi apparatus

Answer 5

Cisternae surrounded by vesicles & modifies proteins by adding carbohydrates & transport these to secretory vesicles

Question 6

Cytoskeleton (In protein synthesis)

Answer 6

Microfilaments- allows movement of cell membranes
Microtubules- allows organelles to travel in the cell

Question 7

Vesicles

Answer 7

Sacs allowing transport of molecules
(Secretory n transport)

Question 8

Stages of protein synthesis

Answer 8

1) copy of genetic material (mRNA) is produced in nucleus and leaves thru nuclear pores in nuclear envelope
2) mRNA moves thru cytoplasm and attaches to ribosomes (site of protein synthesis) and the protein/polypeptide chain is made.
3) protein passes into the cisternae of RER and folds within them. These are then packaged into transport vesicles
4) proteins in transport vesicles move towards Golgi apparatus using cytoskeleton.
5) vesicles fuse with the cis face of the Golgi and proteins enter the cisternae of the Golgi stack n become modified as they pass thru.
6) proteins leave the Golgi apparatus in secretory vesicles at the cis face of Golgi.
7) vesicles move along the cytoskeleton to plasma membrane where they fuse and proteins are released.
8) some vesicles (those that carry hydrolytic enzymes) stay in cell n become lysosomes