Cell Structure

Question 1

Plasma membrane

Answer 1

(Phospholipid bilayer w proteins)

Surrounds external surface of cell and regulates movement of molecules into n out of cells

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

(Jelly like liquid)

Site of metabolic reactions

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

(Nuclear envelope/ pores and has dark staining region (nucleolus))

Contains genetic material and nucleolus synthesis ribsomes

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

(Inner membrane folded into cristae and contains mitochondrial dna)

Carry out aerobic respiration so ATP is produced for energy

Question 5

Vesicles

Answer 5

(Sac surrounded by single membrane)

Transport-transport around the cell
Secretory- vesicles containing molecules to cell surface membrane to be released from cell

Question 6

Lysosomes

Answer 6

(Contain hydrolytic enzymes called digestive enzymes)

Break down waste material including old and worn out organelles (and pathogens)

Question 7

SER

Answer 7

( smooth network of flattened sacs called cisternae)

Synthesis and stores lipids and carbohydrates

Question 8

RER

Answer 8

(Surface covered in ribsomes- same as SER but this is found close to nuclear envelope)

Synthesis folds and transports proteins

Question 9

Ribsomes

Answer 9

(NOT membrane bound and float in cytoplasm)

Site of protein synthesis

Question 10

Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

(Flattened stack of membranes called cisternae)

Modifies proteins by adding carbohydrates and packages them into secretory vesicles to be secreted from the cell

Question 11

Cell walls

Answer 11

(Some eukaryotic cells but all prokaryotic cells)
Plant-cellulose
Fungi- chitin
Prokaryotes- peptidoglycan

Freely permeable so no role in regulating movement in n out of cell
Prevents cell from bursting and maintains cell shape

Question 12

Large permanent vacuole

Answer 12

(Large membrane lined sac found in plant cells that contains cell sap ( the membrane surrounding large permanent vacuole is called tonoplast))

Tonoplast regulates movement of molecules into and out of vacuole and it maintains turgor pressure (pressure created by water) that keeps plant swollen and rigid

Question 13

Chloroplast

Answer 13

(Fluid inside is stroma. Has thylakoid membranes that stack to form granum. Grana are longer thylakoids. Surrounded by double membrane sk envelope)

Site of photosynthesis