protein synthesis Flashcards
1
Q
- essential molecules
- perform a variety of functions in living organisms
A
proteins
2
Q
process of DNA ▶️protein (protein from DNA)
A
protein synthesis
3
Q
two main stages of protein synthesis:
A
- transcript
- translation
4
Q
process of how information in DNA is converted into functional protein:
A
- specific genes within its DNA must first be transcribed into molecules of mRNA
- these transcripts must be translated into chains of amino acids, which later fold into fully functional proteins
5
Q
double helix made of nucleotides
A
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
6
Q
Each nucleotide consists of:
A
- a sugar
- a phosphate group
- a nitrogenous base
7
Q
4 bases types:
A
adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G)
8
Q
Base pairing rules:
A
A pairs with T
C pairs with G
9
Q
each set of three bases codes for one amino acid (during translation)
A
codon
10
Q
first step of protein synthesis
A
Transcription: From DNA ▶️RNA
11
Q
RNA polymerase binds to DNA and separates the strands.
A
Transcription: From DNA ▶️RNA
12
Q
double-stranded, forming a double helix
A
DNA
13
Q
usually single-stranded
A
RNA
14
Q
copies info from DNA through base-pairing mechanism.
A
mRNA
15
Q
carries amino acids
A
tRNA
