biomolecules Flashcards
any molecules that are produced by a living organism, including large macromolecules such as…
proteins
polysaccharides
lipids
nucleic acids
biomolecules
most common biomolecule
primary energy source of our body
carbohydrates
(CH20)n is the formula of what?
carbohydrates
Simple sugars (C6H12O6)
Monosaccharides
Glucose
blood sugar
fructose
fruit sugar
(found in milk with glucose)
galactose
Double sugars (C12H22O11)
Disaccharides
malt sugar (glucose + glucose)
maltose
milk sugar (glucose + galactose)
lactose
table sugar (glucose + fructose)
sucrose
Complex sugars (C6H10O5)n where n is the number of carbon atoms
Polysaccharides
Used for energy storage in plants
provide a quick form of energy for the body
starch
Used for energy storage in animals
glycogen
When the body doesn’t need glucose for energy, it stores it in the ____ and _____ in the form of glycogen.
liver and muscles
Found in plants, cell walls, bark of trees
Gives us fiber
cellulose
Forms exoskeleton of certain insects and crustaceans
chitin
test used to determine presence of starch in materials
iodine test
color change ranging from violet ▶️ black
positive result (meaning starch is present)
was yellow color of the iodine solution.
NEGATIVE RESULT (no starch)
test used for simple carbohydrates.
benedict’s test
Body-building molecules which help us grow
Transport molecules in and out of the cell
Control speed of chemical reactions
Used for growth and repair
protein
building blocks of protein
amino acids
a chemical test used to determine presence of a peptide bond (chemical bond between amino acids) in a substance.
Biuret Test
if the reagent changes from blue to purple.
positive result
reagent remains blue
negative result
NOT necessarily from food
Biomolecular components of hereditary materials and are present in DNA
Nucleic Acids
building blocks of nucleic acids
nucleotides
energy-giving molecules, but commonly known as stored-energy molecules
store more energy than carbohydrates and proteins.
lipids
bulding blocks of lipid
fatty acids
Ethanol is added to sample.
Ethanol Emulsion Test
substance remains colorless & NO emulsion is formed.
NOT PRESENT
layer of cloudy white suspension forms above the solution.
PRESENT
