protein synthesis

Question 1

what is a genome

Answer 1

complete set of genes in a cell

Question 2

what is a proteome

Answer 2

complete set of proteins the cell can produce

Question 3

what is mRNA

Answer 3

copy of a gene from dna.It has 3 bases in the sequence that code for an amino acid,codon
linear structure

Question 4

where is mRNA created and why

Answer 4

created in the nucleus then leaves through nuclear pore to carry genetic code of one gene to ribosome this is because dna is too large to fit through the nuclear pore and would be at risk of being destroyed in the cytoplasam by enzymes

Question 5

what is the function of RNA

Answer 5

to copy and transfer the genetic code from dna to a ribosome

Question 6

what is Rrna

Answer 6

combines with a protein to make a ribosome

Question 7

describe structure of Trna

Answer 7

-single stranded ,folded into clover shape as H bonds hold together complementary bases
-amino acids bind to specific bind to a specific region of the molecule
-the anticodon found on the trna molecule is complementary to a specific codon on mrna

Question 8

function of trna

Answer 8

to attach to 1 of 20 amino acids and transfer this amino acid to the ribosome to create a polypeptide chain

Question 9

what are the 2 stages of protein synthesis

Answer 9

transcription and translation

Question 10

what is transcription

Answer 10

one gene on dna is copied onto mRNA

Question 11

describe steps of transcription

Answer 11

.DNA strands are separated by breaking hydrogen bonds​ with dna helicase
.Transcription is the synthesis of an mRNA copy of a gene;​
.The copy is complementary to the DNA template/antisense strand;​
.RNA polymerase attaches to DNA​
.RNA nucleotides matched to exposed complementary bases;​
.Adjacent nucleotides are joined by a phosphodiester bond together to make a strand of mRNA;​
.mRNA molecule separates from DNA​

In eukaryotes only: mRNA is spliced to remove introns​

.Mature mRNA leaves the nucleus through nuclear pores

Question 12

what is translation

Answer 12

where mrna joins with a ribsome and corresponding trna molecules bring specific amino acid the codon codes for

Question 13

describe steps of translation

Answer 13

mRNA attaches to the ribosome at a start codon​

tRNA with a complementary anticodon attaches to the mRNA codon​

This tRNA is attached to a specific amino acid​

Amino Acids are joined by a peptide bond​

Using energy from ATP​

tRNA is released from the ribosome and a new on enters​

Ribosome moves along the mRNA to synthesise a complete polypeptide