protein synthesis Flashcards
what does DNA store
genetic information and controls for cell activities
what does DNA contain
instructions for building all proteins within an organism
where is DNA found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes
found within the nucleus as linear (straight) chromosomes; in
prokaryotes it is in the cytoplasm in the form of a circular chromosome and many small
plasmids
what is DNA made up of ?
building blocks called nucleotides
what do nucleotides consist of
consist of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate and a nitrogenous base. There are 4 types of nitrogenous
how is the sugar phosphate backbone formed
The nucleotides are joined together by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of the next nucleotide
what does each base pair bind to
Adenine is ALWAYS paired to
Thymine
Cytosine is ALWAYS paired to
Guanine
AC, TG
what do RNA nucleotides join together to form
a single strand
what are the nucleotides joined together by in RNA
joined by a covalent bond between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next
give 3 ways that RNA differs from DNA
1) RNA is single stranded while DNA is double stranded
2) RNA has a sugar called ribose while DN has a sugar called deoxyribose
3) RNA has the base uracil while DNA has the base thymine
what is mRNA
- messenger RNA
- formed in the nuclease of a cell
- copies the sequence of bases of a section of DNA in a process called transcription
- carries the code for a specific protein from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
what is tRNA
- transfer RNA
- found in the cytoplasm
- picks up specific amino acids from the cytoplasm and brings them into position on the surface of a ribosome where they can be joined together in specific order to make a specific protein
- this process is called translation
