Protein Synthesis

Question 1

What are the 2 steps of Protein Synthesis? Explain them.

Answer 1

Transcription: the process of turning DNA into mRNA in the nucleus.
Translation: the process of turning mRNA into a protein by ribosomes.

Question 2

What are the 3 steps within Transcription and Translation?

Answer 2

1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination

Question 3

What happens in the Initiation step of Transcription?

Answer 3

• DNA Polymerase attaches to the Promoter region of DNA
• DNA unwinds and begins to add complimentary bases

Question 4

What is the Promoter region?

Answer 4

It’s a short sequence of DNA. It shows RNA polymerase where transcription begins.

Question 5

What happens in the Elongation step of Transcription?

Answer 5

• RNA polymerase continues to add bases as it sides down DNA
• DNA strand closes once RNA polymerase slides past

Question 6

What happens in the Termination step of Transcription?

Answer 6

• RNA polymerase drops off of DNA strand
• RNA transcript is complete and ready for processing

Question 7

What happens after the Termination step of Transcription?

Answer 7

mRNA is produced. It moves out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm where it finds a ribosome.

Question 8

What are codons and anit-codons?

Answer 8

A codon is a three-nucleotide sequence found on mRNA that codes for a certain amino acid during translation.
The anticodon is a three-nucleotide sequence found on tRNA that binds to the corresponding mRNA sequence.

Question 9

What happens in Translation?

Answer 9

Translation occurs at the ribosome, which consists of rRNA and proteins.

In translation, the instructions in mRNA are read, and tRNA brings the correct sequence of amino acids to the ribosome. Then, rRNA helps bonds form between the amino acids, producing a polypeptide chain.

Question 10

What is the start codon and the 3 stop codons?

Answer 10

Start: AUG

Stop: UAA, UGA, UAG