Macromolecules Flashcards
What are the four basic types of macromolecules?
Proteins, Nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
Nucleotides
What is the monomer of a protein?
Amino Acids
What are two examples of nucleic acids?
DNA & RNA
Can you sketch a simple diagram of a nucleotide, and label its parts?
Yes
What are the two types of pentose sugar in nucleotides, and how are they different?
Ribose, found in RNA. 2 hydroxyl groups attached to pentose sugar. Deoxyribose, found in DNA. 1 hydroxyl group on pentose sugar.
What are the five general types of nitrogen-containing bases in nucleotides?
Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, Thymine, Uracil
Which nitrogenous bases are in RNA and which bases pair together?
Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, Uracil.
Adenine - Uracil
Which nitrogenous bases are in DNA and which bases pair together?
Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, Thymine.
Cytosine - Guanine
Adenine - Thymine
What three atoms are in carbohydrates?
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms
What is the monomer of a polysaccharide?
monosaccaride
What is the subunit for a lipid?
Glycerol (fatty acid)
What is the difference between a monosaccharide and a disaccharide? Are these macromolecules?
Monosaccharides and disaccharides are “simple sugars”. The difference between them is that disaccharides are 2 carbohydrate molecules. 3 more more are considered macromolecules (polysaccharides).
What are the four types of polysaccharide macromolecules?
cellulose, starch, glycogen, and chitin.
What is the function of starch and glycogen?
What is the function of chitin and cellulose?
Energy Storage & Structural Support
Can you sketch a simple diagram of a triglyceride, and label its parts?
Yes
What are the types of lipids?
Triglycerides (fats & oils) and Phospholipids
What are the differences between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats: More C-H bonds in fatty acid chain and more solid at room temp.
Unsaturated fats: Fewer C-H bonds in fatty acid chain and less solid at room temp.
Can you sketch a diagram of the plasma membrane of a cell and label its parts?
Yes
What does it mean to say that a molecule is “amphipathic”?
The phosphate has both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic region.
