Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 👩🏽‍🔬 > Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Protein Synthesis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are ribosomes made from

A

rRNA and ribosomal protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does translation occur

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotes

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where doe’s transcription occur in prokaryotes

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Transcription process

A
  1. DNA helicase attaches to DNA, hydrogen bonds broken so strands separate
  2. Only one strand act as a template
  3. RNA nucleotides attracted to exposed bases
  4. Attraction according to base pair ruling is Uracil+Adenine.Cytosine+Guanine
  5. RNA polymerase join’s nucleotide together forming phosphodiester bonds through condensation reaction
  6. PremRNA is spliced to remove introns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Structure of tRNA

A
  • cloverleaf shape
  • 75 nucleotides
  • single stranded
  • held by Hydrogen bonds
  • amino acid binding site
  • anti codon region
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are introns

A

Non coding base sequence of DNA found within a gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are exons

A

Coding base sequence of DNA found within a gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Definition Gene

A

Sequence of Nucleotides that code for the primary structure of a polypeptide chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Compare Eukaryotes vs Prokaryotes

A

Eukaryotes:
- linear
- associated with histones
- contains introns

Prokaryotes:
- circular
- not associated with histones
- contains no introns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Compare DNA and mRNA

A

DNA:
- longer
- contains deoxyribose
- thymine in DNA
- double standard
- has hydrogen bonds
-has introns

mRNA:
- shorter
- contains ribose
- uracil in mRNA
- single stranded
- has no hydrogen bonds
-has no introns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is splicing

A

When pre mRNA is spliced to remove introns and recombines exons forming mature mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What translation process

A
  1. mRNA binds to ribosomes
  2. Ribosomes finds start codon
  3. The idea of 2 codon binding site
  4. Allows tRNA complimentary anticodon bind to codon
  5. Catalyses peptide bonds between amino acids using energy from ATP
  6. tRNA is released as ribosomes moves along mRNA to the next codon
  7. Ribosomes releases polypeptide to RER when stop codon has reached
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Definition of universal

A

The same 3 bases codes in mRNA and DNA codes for the same amino acid in all organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The mechanism of transcription and translation is ————— found in all organisms

A

Universal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Definition of non-overlapping

A

Each base is read once in a triplet

17
Q

Definition of degenerate

A

More than one triplet codes for each amino acid

18
Q

Definition of gene mutation

A
  • The change to a single base in a DNA base sequence of a gene.
  • Mutation occurs randomly and spontaneously
19
Q

Gene mutation in DNA may result a change in what

A

Primary structure

20
Q

If primary structure changes due to mutation what are the consequences

A

-May alter secondary structure (change position of weak hydrogen bonds affecting alpha helices and beta pleated sheets)

-May alter tertiary structure ( change in weak hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds between the R groups of amino acids and disulphide bonds)

  • altering binding site and active site of enzymes making proteins not functional
21
Q

What are the 3 different mutations

A

Substitution
Deletion
Addition

22
Q

If substitution changes amino acid sequence what are the consequences

A
  • Alters tertiary structure and function
  • May code for stop codon,
    which shortens the polypeptide chain, may not perform intended function
23
Q

What is silent mutation

A

Does not change amino acid coded for, so has no effect on polypeptide chain

24
Q

What type of mutation is ‘silent mutation’

A

Substitution

25
Q

What if substitution changes triplet to code ‘stop codon’

A
  • stops growing the of polypeptide chain
  • May not perform it intended function
26
Q

When does mutation occur

A

During DNA replication

27
Q

What does frame shift mean

A

Reading frame has been shifted to the right/ left by one base

28
Q

The Earlier mutation occurs, what is the effect

A

-More triplet coding for polypeptide chain could be affected
-More amino acid could be altered

29
Q

Does deletion that occurs towards the end of the sequence have less or more effect on amino acid

A

-Lesser effects
- would still alter some amino acid

30
Q

Mutations can be

A

Advantages
Disadvantages
Neutral

31
Q

What are the 3 mutagenic agents

A
  1. High energy ionising radiation
  2. DNA reactive chemical
  3. Biological agents

Biology 👩🏽‍🔬 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions