Protein Synthesis

Question 1

mRNA

Answer 1

Messenger RNA, or mRNA, is produced during

transcription. It carries the genetic message of the DNA to the ribosome, where the protein will be made

Question 2

Codons

Answer 2

a coding triplet of mRNA bases that code for an amino acid

We have 61 codons that code for amino acids [3 serve as a “stop signal” for translation]

Question 3

Each type of RNA

Answer 3

rRNA- mixes with protein to form the two subunits of the ribosome. [ found in cytoplasm]
tRNA- transfer amino acids from a pool of amino
acids in the cell’s cytoplasm to the ribosome, by
matching them to the mRNA coded message. [cytoplasm]
mRNA- It carries the genetic message of the
DNA to the ribosome, where the protein will be
constructed. [cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus]

Question 4

Transcription

where it happens

Answer 4

The writing down of a message that is encoded from the DNA that will be translated into a protein

Eukaryote: happens in the nucleus

Prokaryote: happens in the cytoplasm

Question 5

ribosome

Answer 5

A ribosome is made out of RNA and proteins, and each ribosome consists of two separate RNA-protein complexes, known as the small and large subunits.

Question 6

mutation

Answer 6

1) Insertions and deletions – additions or losses of nucleotide pairs.

2) Nucleotide-pair substitution
Missense mutations - substitutions that enable a
codon to still code for an amino acid.
Nonsense mutations - substitutions that change a regular amino acid

Question 7

Exons and Introns

Answer 7

Introns are non-coding DNA sequences within a gene that are removed by RNA splicing

Exons are protein-coding DNA sequences that require the necessary codons or information necessary for protein synthesis.

Question 8

what attaches the bases

Answer 8

petide bond