Protein stuff

Question 1

1. What are the major sites of liver synthesis?

Answer 1

1. liver and immune system

Question 2

(impact of age on protein conc)

1. babies?
2. elders?

Answer 2

1. low globulins and albumin

(cause of ^body water and immunologic inexperience - will see transient globulin spike after colostrum)

2. low albumin, high globulin

Question 3

1-3. What are the three methods used to determine protein concentration?

Answer 3

1. refractometry
2. dye binding
3. electrophoresis

Question 4

(protein measurement - refractometry)

1. measures what?
2. higher or lower than total protein
3. does plasma or serum contain more proteins?

Answer 4

1. total solids (usually higher than protein - also contains cholesterol, urea, glucose, EDTA)
2. higher
3. plasma (coag proteins not in serum)

Question 5

(protein measurement - dye binding)

1. measures serum or plasma?
2. affected by dye and species

Answer 5

1. serum

Question 6

(protein measurement - electrophoresis)

1. rate of migration related to what 4 things?

Answer 6

1. size, chage, media, electrical field

Question 7

(classes of proteins)

(prealbumin)

1. found in what animals?
2. only known fx?

Answer 7

1. in birds (not in domestics)
2. thyroxine binding

Question 8

(classes of proteins)

(albumin)

1. what % of total serum proteins?
2. synth by what?
3. fx?
4. responsible for what % of plasma oncotic P?

Answer 8

1. 35-50%
2. liver
3. transport AA, labile protein storage, generalized binding/storage (prevents loss thru kidneys)
4. 75% (due to small size/abundance)

Question 9

(physiological influence on proteins)

(preganancy)

1. albumin?
2. globulin?

(nutrtion)

3. see with starvation?
4. albumin or globulin affected first?

(stress/fluid loss)

5. why may globulin decrease?

Answer 9

1. may dec (overhydration/fetal drain)
2. ^, then dec with colostrum prod
3. need to be severe (or combined w/ ^ loss)
4. albumin
5. serious injury/illness as proteins required for other purposes

may dec in inflammation cause proteins go into tissue

Question 10

(Hypoproteinemia)

1-5. What are five causes of “Selective Hypoalbuminemia”?

Answer 10

1. dec liver prod
2. glomerular dz
3. loss of both with ^ globulin prod
4. starvation - must be SEVERE
5. inflammation: albumin neg APP, golbulins are pos APP

Question 11

(hypoproteinemia)

(generalized or panhypoproteinemia)

1. usually due to what?
2. less sommonly due to what?

Answer 11

1. non-selecitve losses (hemorrhage, third space, burns, GI
2. dilution (physiologic, iatrogenic, dz)

Question 12

(hyperproteinemia)

1. increased albumin due to…
2. increased globulins due to…

Answer 12

1. dehydration
2. post-colostrum

increased prod (inflammation - poly, neoplastic - mono)