Protein structure and function Flashcards
What can proteins also be referred to as
polypeptides, polymer and biomacromolecule
what is a biomacromolecule
large molecules composed of smaller subunits
what is a polymer
a large molecule composed of a chain of repeating similar molecules
what is the suubunit of a protein
amino acid
what are channel/carrier proteins also referred to
transmembrane proteins
what is the cytoskeleton
a network of filaments and tubules that hold a cell to its shape. they are comprised of microtubules that are made of proteins
what is a microtubule
a polymer of tublin that form long fibers in the cell
how many different types of amino acids are there
20
what is the proteome
all the proteins expressed by an organism
how does a proteome differ from the genoome
it is more diverese and larger as one gene can code for 10-40 different functional proteins
what is proteomics
the study of the proteome, it is used detect diseases by looking at protein levels design drugs to treat proteins causing a disease
what are receptor proteins
proteins on the surface of a cell the detect stimuli, label cells as targets for and find to hormone/signalling molecules and allows cells to be recognised as self or non-self
examples of receptor proteins
post synaptic receptors, cell membrane recepttors
what are motor proteins
a class of molecular motors that move along cytoskeleton fibers, powered by the energy of atp
what is a hormone
signalling molecule secreted by annn endocrine gland and transported in general circulation in the bloodstream and producing an effecr in a target tissue elsewhere in the body
types of proteins
structura;, regulation, contractile, immunoglobulin, receptor, transport and signalliing
function of a structural protein
fibrous and stringy, provides support for skin, bones, tendons, ligaments and cartilage
function of a regulation proteiin
catalyse reactions and regulate body activities
function of immunoglobulin protein
defence mechanismm against pathogens that cause disease
function of a transport protein
carry molecules around the body
function of signalling proteins
transmit messages
examples of structural protein
collagen, elastin and keratin
examples of regulation proteins
enzymes and hormones
contractile proteins examples
myosin
function of contractile protein
control muscle movement
example of transport protein
haemoglobin
examples of signalling proteins
neurotransmitters and neurohormones
amino acid structure
amino group, alpha carbon, carboxyl group with hydroxyl group and side chain/r group
what is a carboxyl group
an acid radical with the formula COOH
what is an animo group
a group with the formula NH2
side chain is what
a group of atoms attached to the main part of the molecule
what links amino acids together
peptide bonds
where does polymerisation of amino acids occur
at the ribosome
what type of reaction is amino acid grouping
condensation polymerization
what happens before amino acids are joined (step 1)
each amino acid is brought into place by a ttransfer RNA molecule as this happens a hydroxyl group is broken off one amino acid and a hydrogen breaks off the other
what happens to the hydroxyl group and hydrogen (step 2)
the form a covelent bond to produce water (h2o)
what happens to the two amino acid residues (step 3)
they join together to form a covalent bond called a peptide
what is a hydroxyl
a radical (OH)
what is a peptide bond
a covalent bond between two adjacent amino acids
what is a covalent bond
a bond metal non-metal atims involving the sharing of electrons
how can polypeptides be broken down
by a hydrolysis reaction
what is a peptide
amino acids linked together
what is a dipeptide
2 amino acids bonded together
what is a tripeptide
3 amino acids bonded together
what is a polypeptide
a long chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds (more than 3)
