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1. Biology - Chapter 1 > Protein structure and function > Flashcards

Protein structure and function Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What can proteins also be referred to as

A

polypeptides, polymer and biomacromolecule

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2
Q

what is a biomacromolecule

A

large molecules composed of smaller subunits

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3
Q

what is a polymer

A

a large molecule composed of a chain of repeating similar molecules

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4
Q

what is the suubunit of a protein

A

amino acid

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5
Q

what are channel/carrier proteins also referred to

A

transmembrane proteins

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6
Q

what is the cytoskeleton

A

a network of filaments and tubules that hold a cell to its shape. they are comprised of microtubules that are made of proteins

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7
Q

what is a microtubule

A

a polymer of tublin that form long fibers in the cell

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8
Q

how many different types of amino acids are there

A

20

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9
Q

what is the proteome

A

all the proteins expressed by an organism

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10
Q

how does a proteome differ from the genoome

A

it is more diverese and larger as one gene can code for 10-40 different functional proteins

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11
Q

what is proteomics

A

the study of the proteome, it is used detect diseases by looking at protein levels design drugs to treat proteins causing a disease

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12
Q

what are receptor proteins

A

proteins on the surface of a cell the detect stimuli, label cells as targets for and find to hormone/signalling molecules and allows cells to be recognised as self or non-self

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13
Q

examples of receptor proteins

A

post synaptic receptors, cell membrane recepttors

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14
Q

what are motor proteins

A

a class of molecular motors that move along cytoskeleton fibers, powered by the energy of atp

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15
Q

what is a hormone

A

signalling molecule secreted by annn endocrine gland and transported in general circulation in the bloodstream and producing an effecr in a target tissue elsewhere in the body

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16
Q

types of proteins

A

structura;, regulation, contractile, immunoglobulin, receptor, transport and signalliing

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17
Q

function of a structural protein

A

fibrous and stringy, provides support for skin, bones, tendons, ligaments and cartilage

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18
Q

function of a regulation proteiin

A

catalyse reactions and regulate body activities

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19
Q

function of immunoglobulin protein

A

defence mechanismm against pathogens that cause disease

20
Q

function of a transport protein

A

carry molecules around the body

21
Q

function of signalling proteins

A

transmit messages

22
Q

examples of structural protein

A

collagen, elastin and keratin

23
Q

examples of regulation proteins

A

enzymes and hormones

24
Q

contractile proteins examples

A

myosin

25
Q

function of contractile protein

A

control muscle movement

26
Q

example of transport protein

A

haemoglobin

27
Q

examples of signalling proteins

A

neurotransmitters and neurohormones

28
Q

amino acid structure

A

amino group, alpha carbon, carboxyl group with hydroxyl group and side chain/r group

29
Q

what is a carboxyl group

A

an acid radical with the formula COOH

30
Q

what is an animo group

A

a group with the formula NH2

31
Q

side chain is what

A

a group of atoms attached to the main part of the molecule

32
Q

what links amino acids together

A

peptide bonds

33
Q

where does polymerisation of amino acids occur

A

at the ribosome

34
Q

what type of reaction is amino acid grouping

A

condensation polymerization

35
Q

what happens before amino acids are joined (step 1)

A

each amino acid is brought into place by a ttransfer RNA molecule as this happens a hydroxyl group is broken off one amino acid and a hydrogen breaks off the other

36
Q

what happens to the hydroxyl group and hydrogen (step 2)

A

the form a covelent bond to produce water (h2o)

37
Q

what happens to the two amino acid residues (step 3)

A

they join together to form a covalent bond called a peptide

38
Q

what is a hydroxyl

A

a radical (OH)

39
Q

what is a peptide bond

A

a covalent bond between two adjacent amino acids

40
Q

what is a covalent bond

A

a bond metal non-metal atims involving the sharing of electrons

41
Q

how can polypeptides be broken down

A

by a hydrolysis reaction

42
Q

what is a peptide

A

amino acids linked together

43
Q

what is a dipeptide

A

2 amino acids bonded together

44
Q

what is a tripeptide

A

3 amino acids bonded together

45
Q

what is a polypeptide

A

a long chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds (more than 3)

1. Biology - Chapter 1 (7 decks)

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