Nucleic acids

Question 1

what process makes rna

Answer 1

transcription/rna polymerisation

Question 2

what is the monomer of dna

Answer 2

nucleotides

Question 3

what are the two types of nucleic acids

Answer 3

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 4

what is dna

Answer 4

located at the chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. genetic material that contains hereditary information, sections of dna known as genes code for proteins

Question 5

what is RNA

Answer 5

located in the nucleus, mitochondria, ribsomes, chloroplasts and cytoplasm and formed against a template strand of DNA

Question 6

what is the nucleiod

Answer 6

folded chromosome

Question 7

structure of a nucleotide

Answer 7

phosphate group, pentose sugar and nitrogenous base

Question 8

what are the four nucleaic bases in DNA

Answer 8

adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine

Question 9

nucleotide pairs

Answer 9

adenine and thymine (two bonds), cytosine and guanine (three bonds)

Question 10

the process of DNA coiling

Answer 10

the double helix combines with proteins (mostly histones), as the dna winds around the histones they form structures called nucleosomes, nucleosomes further coil to form choromosomes (known as supercoiling)

Question 11

which bases are purines (double ring)

Answer 11

adenine and guanine

Question 12

which bases are pyrimidines (single ring)

Answer 12

cytosine, thymine and uracil

Question 13

how do the strands of DNA run

Answer 13

template strand and coding strand run anti-parallel

Question 13

what joines the sugar and the phosphate

Answer 13

phosphodiester bonds

Question 14

how to number the carbons

Answer 14

number the carbons in a clockwise direction from the oxygen at the top of the pentose sugar

Question 15

how do rna and dna differ

Answer 15

dna - douuuble stranded, rna- sigle stranded, rna - uracil, dna - thymine, dna - deoxyribose sugar, rna - ribose sugar

Question 16

how does deoxyribose sugar differ from ribose sugar

Answer 16

it is missing an oxygen on the second OH (right side, joined to 2nd carbon) and therefore deoxy

Question 17

what are the different types of RNA

Answer 17

messenger rna (mRNA), ribosomal rna (rRNA), transfer rna (tRNA)

Question 18

what is messenger rna

Answer 18

created through transcription, a shorter, complementary copy of the template strand of dna, enables the code/instructions from the dna to leave the nucleus and move to the ribosome to be decoded

Question 19

transfer rna

Answer 19

molecule of approx 80 nucleotides, folds upon itself to create an anticodon at one end and an amino acid joining position at the other

Question 20

function of ribosomal rna

Answer 20

provides a mechanism for decoding mrna and interacts with trna during the process of translation

Question 21

mrna structure

Answer 21

a single, linear strand of rna

Question 22

trna structure

Answer 22

single strand folded into three hairpin loops to form a cloverleaf structure

Question 23

rrna structure

Answer 23

folds into a large and small subunit to make up a ribosome

Question 24

single ringed bases are called

Answer 24

pyrimidines

Question 25

double ringed basea are called

Answer 25

purines

Question 26

what does -ose show

Answer 26

the molecule contains/is a sugar

Question 27

what is the reaction of dna to rna called

Answer 27

. rna polymerisation

Question 28

what does -ase show

Answer 28

the molecule is an enzymes

Question 29

what causes the helix in dna

Answer 29

dna naturally spins, making a complete right-handed twist for every 10.5 base pairs