Gene structure

Question 1

what are genes

Answer 1

lengths of dna that code for a protein, they are a unit of inheritence, only 1% of dna codes for proteins

Question 2

gene structure

Answer 2

3’ - promoter sequence - coding region - termination sequence - 5’

Question 3

what is the promoter

Answer 3

located upstream from the gene, the region where rna polymerase and other factors collect, where transcription begins

Question 4

introns

Answer 4

regions of non coding dna that are removed during post transcriptional modeification, only found in eukaryotes

Question 5

exons

Answer 5

regions of coding dna which are transcribed and translated

Question 6

termination sequence

Answer 6

sequence of dna that signals the end of transcription, this region does not code for an amino acid/protein

Question 7

operator region

Answer 7

typically only found in prokaryotes, region where they repressor binds

Question 8

polymerase

Answer 8

enzymes that catalyse the formation of dna and rna

Question 9

transcription occurs in the

Answer 9

nucleus

Question 10

rna processing occurs in the

Answer 10

nucleus

Question 11

translation occurs in the

Answer 11

on ribosomes in the cytoplasm or ribosomes attached to the rough er

Question 12

what are genes also known as

Answer 12

the ‘central dogma of molecular biology’

Question 13

what does the central dogma explain

Answer 13

that inforrmation can be passed from nucleic acids to nucleic acid or protein, but once it has passed into a protein it cannot get out again

Question 14

gene structure in order

Answer 14

promoter, 5’ UTR (leader) , introns and exons, 3’UTR (trailer)

Question 15

utr meaning

Answer 15

untranslator region, called this because it is transcribed but not translated

Question 16

other regions of genes that are not found directly on them

Answer 16

enhancer or silencer will have various proteins binded to them (activators/repressors) to regulate gene expression