Protein Structure And Classification Flashcards
What are proteins composed of?
Carbon center connected to side chain, hydrogen, nitrogen-containing amino group, and carboxylic acid group
What are the two exceptions to the normal protein structure?
Glycine: a-carbon contains two hydrogens
Proline: nitrogen part of a ring
Which amino acids are nonpolar?
Alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan, and glycine
Which amino acids are polar?
Serine, threonine, cysteine, tyrosine, asparagine, and glutamine
Which amino acids are acidic?
Aspartic aside and glutamic acid
Which amino acids are basic?
Lysine, arginine, and histidine
Which amino acid are essential (must be obtained form diet)?
Histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine
Which amino acids are non-essential (synthesized in the body)?
Alanine, arginine, asparagine, Aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, selenocysteine, serine, and tyrosine
Amino acids exist in what two isomeric forms?
D and L
Which isomer is used in protein synthesis only?
L-amino acids
Except methionine
Proteins are classified in three groups, what are they?
Shape, solubility, and prosthetic group
What is a prosthetic group?
A non-peptide compound that attaches to proteins and assist with functions
What are the two globular proteins?
Albumin and globulin
What are the four fibrous proteins?
Collagen, keratin, elastin, and fibrin
What is collagen?
Forms connective tissues like tendons, ligaments and skin
Provides strength and flexibility
What is keratin?
Found in hair, feathers, and hooves
Provides protection and structural support
What is elastin?
Found in connective tissues, blood vessels, and lungs
Allows tissues to stretch and recoil
What is fibrin?
Forms mesh network in blood clots
Essential for clotting
What are the four conjugated proteins?
Lipoproteins, hemoproteins, glycoproteins, and nucleoproteins
