Glycolysis Flashcards
What is cellular respiration?
The conversion of chemical glucose into ATP in three ways: glycolysis, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm
What does TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation occur?
In the mitochondria
What does glycolysis produce?
4 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvates
What is the first step of glycolysis
Phosphorylation of glucose at the carbon 6 by hexokinase
Forms G6P
Loss of energy and heat
What is the second step of glycolysis?
Isomerization of G6P by phosphohexoisomerase
Oxygen moves from chlorine to carbon 2
Aldose becomes ketose
Forms 6-phosphate
What is the third step of glycolysis?
F6P is phosphorylated by phosphofructokinase
Forms fructose-1 and 6-biphosphate
Loss of energy and heat
What is the fourth step of glycolysis?
Fructose-1, and 6-biphosphate are cleaved from C3-C4 bond by aldolase
Produces aldose and ketose
What is the fifth step of glycolysis?
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate is isomerized by triose phosphate isomerase
Forms second glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
What is sixth step of glycolysis?
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is phosphorylated by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphatase dehydrogenase
Forms 1,3-biphosphoglycerate and 2 NADH
What is the seventh step of glycolysis?
Phosphate group is transferred from the 1,3-biphosphoglycerate to ADP by phosphoglycerate kinase
Produces 3-phosphoglycerate and 2 ATP
What is the eighth step of glycolysis?
3-phosphoglycerate is isomerized by phosphoglycerate mutase
Shifts phosphoryl group from carbon 3 to carbon 2
Forms 2-phosphoglycerate
What is the ninth step of glycolysis?
2-phosphoglycerate is dehydrated by enolase
Forms phosphoenolpyruvate
Releases water
What is the tenth step fo glycolysis?
Phosphate group is transferred from phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP by pyruvate kinase
Forms pyruvate and 2 ATP
Which steps of glycolysis are in the prep phase?
1-5
Which steps of glycolysis are part of the payoff phase?
6-10
Which steps of glycolysis are reversible?
2, 4, 5, 8
Which steps of glycolysis are irreversible?
9
What are the other ways pyruvate are formed?
Oxidation, lactic acid fermentation, alcohol fermentation
What is glycolysis associated anemia?
Red blood cells depend on glycolysis, so will lose if no energy
Causes pyruvate kinase deficiency
Usually happens in beagles, terriers, and pugs
How is glycolysis regulated?
Insulin increases glucose, fructose and phosphate pyruvate
Glucagon decreases the same
