Protein Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

how is nitrogen incorporated in the body

A

nitrogen is only used as the bases of making nucleotides –> that can then make different amino acids

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2
Q

what is the term called when nitrogen is turned into biological molecules

A

assimilation

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3
Q

what is the amino acid that can break down molecules (or build) with nitrogen in the structure

A

glutamate

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4
Q

what is the bacteria that can break down nitrogen easily

A

cyanobacteria

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5
Q

what enzyme is used for nitrogen fixing

A

nitrogenase

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6
Q

explain how nitrogenase works

A

needs to live anaerobically so then uncoupling of the mitochondria can increase electron flow and burns off O2 in the cell

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7
Q

what is the name of the “cell wall” that cyanobacterial make to prevent O2 from coming into the cell

A

heterocysts

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8
Q

what is the process called that turns ammonium into nitrite

A

nitrification

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9
Q

glutamine and aspartate is what kind of amino acid

A

excitatory neurotransmitter

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10
Q

what is the temporary storage of nitrogen called

A

L-Glutamine

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11
Q

what is PLP

A

pyridoxal phosphate

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12
Q

what is PLP made from

A

vitamin B6

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13
Q

what reaction is PLP involved in

A

Transamination

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14
Q

what happens to the amino acid involved in Transamination

A

it turns into a alpha-keto acid

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15
Q

what 2 main molecules are needed to make glutamate

A

alpha-ketoglutarate and L-amino acid

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16
Q

what coenzyme is needed for aminotransferase

A

PLP (pyridoxal phosphate)

17
Q

what is present in plasma that can indicate cell damage

A

aminotransferase

18
Q

what are the 6 intermediate compounds

A

acetyl-CoA, pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, fumarate and oxaloacetate

19
Q

what does it mean if the molecule is glucogenic

A

they have a relatively direct link to oxaloacetate intermediate, which can then form glucose

20
Q

why are some molecules termed as ketogenic

A

the molecules’ carbon skeletons turns into acetyl-CoA (or smt like it) and if there is a high abundance of acetyl-CoA, it can be then turned into ketone bodies

21
Q

why are ketone bodies important in starvation states

A

if there is a lot of breakdown of proteins, there is not enough sugars to keep CNS alive, so ketone bodies is used as a subsitution for glucose

22
Q

what cycle can hyperammonaemia happen in

A

urea cycle

23
Q

what happens in PKU

A

phenylalanine converts to phenylpyruvate instead of tyrosine, causing hypopigmentation