protein formation Flashcards
polypeptides
long chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
peptide bonds
the bonds between amino acids
what determines the type of amino acid?
the “R” side
how many amino acid types are there?
20 types of amino acids
types of ribosomes
free ribosomes that roam around the cell or rough ER ribosomes that are attached to it
proteins are made by
free roaming ribosomes in the cytoplasm
1st step of making proteins
make the copy of DNA and take to cytosol
2nd step of making proteins
the code should be read by ribosomes
3rd step of making proteins
amino acid is then put together by ribosomes to make polypeptides
dna is a plan
rna is a blueprint
Ribose VS Deoxyribose
ribose is in RNA
deoxyribose is in DNA
Uracil VS Thymine
A attaches to U in RNA
A attaches to T in DNA
Single Strand VS double strand
RNA is single stranded
DNA is double stranded
what are the three RNA types?
Messenger RNA (mRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Transfer RNA (tRNA
mRNA (messenger)
copies DNA code and carries info to ribosomes
rRNA (ribosomal)
along with proteins, makes up ribosomes
tRNA (transfer)
transfers amino acids to the ribosomes to synthesize proteins
mRNA codons are?
3 bases at a time of mRNA are read as codons, which code for the amino acids
what do the codons stand for?
each codon stands for an amino acid
an amino acid may need more than one codon to make it
there are how many codons?
64 codons
which codon starts the translation?
AUG
which codons stop the translation?
UAA UAG UGA
ribosomal RNA structure
not straight globular
proteins and mRNA form ribosomes
ribosomes are sites of
protein synthesis (formation)
tRNA structure
clover leaf shape
one end is an attachment site to the mRNA and one end is carrying the amino acid
anti-codon
the tRNA complement to mRNA’s codon
how do codons and anti codons match?
3 bases of anti codons of tRNA match with 3 bases on codon on mRNA
