Protein-Calorie undernutrition

Question 1

Categories of protein-calorie malnutrition

Answer 1

Kwashiorkor

Marasmus

Anorexia Nervosa

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 2

Kwashiorkor

Answer 2

sufficient calories but inadequate protein intake

Liver doesn’t have enough precursors to syntehsize proteins

• severe edema from hypoalbuminemia, hypoproteinemia

Other symptoms:

• anemia
• villous atrophy and malabsorption
• diarrhea
• dermatitis
• hair loss
• growth retardation
• fatty liver from deficient Apoprotein export

Question 3

Marasmus

Answer 3

Insufficient protein and caloric intake

Think, small, no abdominal edema

generalized atrophy, growth retardation and mental retardation

Question 4

Anorexia Nervosa symptoms

Answer 4

Self induced starvation, lack of sufficient intake, occuring in adolescents/adults

• severe weight loss, muscle atrophy
• amenorrhea,
• due to low GnRH, and low LF, FSH. this very characteristic in both males and females and is a diagnostic feature.
• decreased bone density (low estrogen)
• anemia, lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia
• risk for cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death, related to electrolyte imbalances and/or vomiting
• immunocompromised, high infeciton risk
• coexisting depression, high suicide risk.
• cold intolerance
• bradycardia
• constipation
• hair loss/changes
• hypothyroidism and skin changes
• dehydration and electrolyte disturbances are common

Question 5

Anorexia nervosa diagnostic criteria

Answer 5

Body weight is less thant 85% of expected average for their height.

Patient has obsession over their weight, fear of gaining weight, and sense of acheivement over gaining weight

Distrubed body image, patient feels they are overweight even when obviously underweight.

Females have missed 3 or more mestrual cycles recently.

Question 6

Anorexia nervosa treatment

Answer 6

Primary therapy is cognitive behavioral therapy and family therapy to restore normal eating patterns and adequate nutrition.

Primary treatment is to restore weight and normal eating patterns,

fix electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, give neccessary food/vitamins, increase intake.

Question 9

Bulemia nervosa diagnostic criteria

Answer 9

Recurrent episodes of binge eating, and some or many of the following to prevent weight gain and counter the binges:

• vomitting
• self use of laxatives
• diuretics
• strict dieting
• fasting
• vigorous exercise

Requires average of two binge episodes a week for 3 months, and a persistent concern over body weight and image.

Question 10

Bulemia nervosa symptoms and risks