Protein Flashcards
peptides
are amino acid chains of various lengths eg dipeptide (2 amino acids linked together), tripeptide, polypeptide
Essential amino acids
some amino acids can’t be produced by the body but is needed these are considered essential amino acids
non essential amino acids
amino acids that can be reassembled to make different amino acids
Transanimation
transfer of an amino group to make a new nonessential amino acid
“protein” quality is based on _______
amino acids
High quality protein or complete protein definition
e.g.
foods that contain the needed amino acids in the same proportion required in the human body
eggs, milk, and meat
Enzymes definition
proteins spherically shaped to bind molecules together (condensation) or split a molecule apart (hydrolysis)
Collagen definition
structural protein that consists primarily of long straight polypeptides
Hemoglobin definition
has polypeptides and iron folded into a spherical structure
When does the digestion of protein begin? by what hormone does it trigger
gastric cells produce gastric juice
enzymes: gastrin
What does gastric juice contain
1) enzymes: pepsinogen-inactive; pepsin active
2) hydrochloric acid
what does Hydrochloric acid do
assist in the breakdown of protein
Denaturing
what, how, why
- alter the shape of the protein
- heat or acid
- proteins have a complex structure and needs to be uncoiled (denatured) to allow pepsin to more easily digest protein into shorter peptide chains
What happens in the small intestine?
enzymes are released:
1) pancreas (e.g.proteases)
2) along the lining of the small intestine (brush border enzymes)
polypeptides–> tripeptides —> dipeptides—> amino acids
amino acids need a transport mechanism to bring nutrients to enter the cell
Protein synthesis
1) transcription
- writing the information
2) translation
- reading the information to make the protein
3) expression
- producing functional proteins
