Protein

Question 1

9 essential amino acids

Answer 1

histadine
isoleucine
leucine
lysine
methionine
valine
phenylalanine
threonine
tryptophan

Question 2

5 non-essential amino acids

Answer 2

alanine
aspartic acid
glutamic acid
serine
asparginine

Question 3

6 conditionally essential amino acids

Answer 3

arginine
cysteine
glutamine
glycine
proline
tyrosine

Question 4

protein chains of AAs joined together called

Answer 4

peptides

Question 5

what kind of reaction forms peptides

Answer 5

condensation reaction

Question 6

what bonds join amino acids

Answer 6

peptide bonds

Question 7

2 AAs joined by peptide bond called

Answer 7

dipeptide

Question 8

aspartic acid bonded to phenylalanine forms a dipeptide known as

Answer 8

aspartame

Question 9

3 AAs joined by peptide bond called

Answer 9

tripeptides

Question 10

L-cysteine, L-glutamate & glycine form a tripeptide called

Answer 10

glutathione

Question 11

can amino acids act as buffers

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

what is denaturing

Answer 12

unfolding proteins by breaking the peptide bonds - makes them unable to function

Question 13

ex of denaturing agents

Answer 13

heat
organic solvents
mechanical mixing
strong acids or bases
detergents
heavy metals

Question 14

ex of a denatured protein

Answer 14

cooked egg white

Question 15

gene mutation causes protein misfolding causes

Answer 15

disease

eg - amyloid protein in alzheimers

Question 16

Functions of proteins

Answer 16

structure of body tissues - collagen
movement - actin & myosin fibres
carrier molecules - haemoglobin
storage molecules - ferritin
fluid balance in blood - albumin
enzymes
hormones - insulin
immune function - antibodies
clotting mechanisms
alternative energy source (carb more efficient)
control of gene expression
cell membrane receptors

Question 17

building blocks of protein

Answer 17

amino acids

Question 18

describe protein digestion

Answer 18

HCL in stomach converts pepsinogen > pepsin, protein chains broken down into polypeptides
small intestine cck & secretin released, stimulates pancreatic juices
trypsin & chymotrypsin continue chopping up polypeptides
peptidases in small intestine break down further
amino acids & small peptides absorbed into bood