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Biochemistry > Adam Revision > Flashcards

Adam Revision Flashcards

1
Q

4 stages glucose metabolism

A

Glycolysis
Acetyl CoA formation
Krebs cycle
ETC

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2
Q

How many ATP generated from glycolysis

A

4

2 net

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3
Q

How many ATP generated by Acetyl CoA formation

A

None

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4
Q

How many ATP made in Krebs cycle

A

2

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5
Q

How many ATP made in ETC

A

34

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6
Q

How many ATP made from glucose metabolism in total

A

38

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7
Q

Enzymes only do 1 thing at a time yes or no

A

Yes

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8
Q

Glycolysis what do you start with

What do you want to finish with

A

Glucose - 6 carbon molecule

2 pyruvates, 3 carbon molecules

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9
Q

Acetyl CoAformation start and finish with

A

2 x pyruvates 3 carbons each

2 Acetyl CoA 2 carbons each

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10
Q

How many times does Krebs cycle turn for each molecule Glucose

A

Twice - 1 for each Acetyl CoA

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11
Q

What does 2c Acetyl CoA need to become at start of Krebs and how

A

6 carbon Citrate

Via combining with 4 carbon oxaloacetate

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12
Q

How many ATP
NADH
FADH2 made in Krebs

A

2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH2

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13
Q 
How many
ATP
NADH
FADH2 
Made in Acetyl CoA formation
A

2 ATP
2 NADH
0 fadh2

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14
Q

How many
ATP
NADH
Fadh2

Made in glycolysis

A

2, 2 & 2

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15
Q

Where are the 5 enzymes located that are in the ETC

A

Inner mitochondrial membrane

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16
Q

In ETC hydrogen ions also called

A

Protons

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17
Q

In ETC protons are pumped via NADH & FADH2 where

A

Inter-membrane space

Increases the acidity and creates a gradient

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18
Q

H+ ions will always move

A

Down their concentration gradient

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19
Q

5th enzyme in ETC called

A

ATP synthase

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20
Q

In ETC every NADH makes - ATP

A

3

21
Q

In ETC every FADH2 makes - ATP

A

2

22
Q

How many NADH in ETC = how many ATP

A

10 NADH = 30 ATP

23
Q

How many FADH2 in ETC = how many ATP

A

2 FADH2 = 4 ATP

24
Q

How is total of 38 ATP derived in glycolysis

A 
10 NADH in ETC = 30
2 FADH2 in ETC = 4
2 ATP in Glycolysis 
2 ATP in Acetyl CoA formation
= 38 ATP
25
Q

What process replaces glycolysis in fat metabolism

A

Beta oxidation

26
Q

What is a phosphorylation reaction

A

An exchange of phosphate groups

Either gaining or losing

27
Q

Kinase always means a what

A

Phosphorylation reaction - so ATP or ADP is present somewhere

28
Q

What allows sugar into cells

A

Glucose 4 transporters

29
Q

How do you make citrate in citric acid cycle

A

Bind Acetyl CoA with oxaloacetate

30
Q

How does Krebs cycle affect no of carbons that make up molecules in it

A

Reduces the carbons from 6 (citrate)round to 4 (oxaloacetate) over and over - Acetyl CoA at beginning to start it all off again and make citrate

31
Q

8 molecules in Krebs cycle

A 
Oxaloacetate 
Citrate
Isocitrate
Alpha-ketogluterate 
Succinyl CoA
Succinate 
Fumerate
Malate

Oxaloacetate

32
Q

How many turns of Krebs for 1 glucose molecule

A

Twice - 1 for each Acetyl CoA

33
Q

`where is FADH2 in krebs cycle

A

succinate>fumerate

34
Q

where are 3 NADH in krebs

A

isocitrate>ketoglutinate
alpha-ketoglutinate> Succinyl coA
Malate > oxaloacetate

35
Q

how many NADH made in krebs for each glucose molecule

A

6

36
Q

how many FADH2 made in krebs for each glucose molecule

A

2

37
Q

how many ATP made in krebs from each glucose molecule

A

2

38
Q

how many NADH made in krebs for each Acetyl CoA

A

3

39
Q

How many FADH2 in krebs for each Acetyl CoA

A

1

40
Q

How many ATP made in krebs for each Acetyl CoA

A

1

41
Q

which is the 5th and most important enzyme in ETC

A

ATP synthase

42
Q

what role to NADH and FADH play in ETC

A

electron donors

43
Q

what happens to NADH & FADH2 as they pass through ETC

A

get reduced - lose H+ ions

44
Q

where do the H+ ions go as they are released through the ETC

A

into inter-membrane space

45
Q

what happens in the inter0membrane space as ETC progresses

A

space becomes acidic and creates a gradient

46
Q

how is ATP made via ATP synthase

A

via oxidative phosphorylation

binds with ADP & free phosphate after passing through ATP synthase

47
Q

where does ETC occur

A

in mitochondrial matrix

48
Q

what does pyruvate depend on to get into mitochondria

A

02

Biochemistry (8 decks)

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