Adam Revision Flashcards
4 stages glucose metabolism
Glycolysis
Acetyl CoA formation
Krebs cycle
ETC
How many ATP generated from glycolysis
4
2 net
How many ATP generated by Acetyl CoA formation
None
How many ATP made in Krebs cycle
2
How many ATP made in ETC
34
How many ATP made from glucose metabolism in total
38
Enzymes only do 1 thing at a time yes or no
Yes
Glycolysis what do you start with
What do you want to finish with
Glucose - 6 carbon molecule
2 pyruvates, 3 carbon molecules
Acetyl CoAformation start and finish with
2 x pyruvates 3 carbons each
2 Acetyl CoA 2 carbons each
How many times does Krebs cycle turn for each molecule Glucose
Twice - 1 for each Acetyl CoA
What does 2c Acetyl CoA need to become at start of Krebs and how
6 carbon Citrate
Via combining with 4 carbon oxaloacetate
How many ATP
NADH
FADH2 made in Krebs
2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH2
How many ATP NADH FADH2 Made in Acetyl CoA formation
2 ATP
2 NADH
0 fadh2
How many
ATP
NADH
Fadh2
Made in glycolysis
2, 2 & 2
Where are the 5 enzymes located that are in the ETC
Inner mitochondrial membrane
In ETC hydrogen ions also called
Protons
In ETC protons are pumped via NADH & FADH2 where
Inter-membrane space
Increases the acidity and creates a gradient
H+ ions will always move
Down their concentration gradient
5th enzyme in ETC called
ATP synthase
In ETC every NADH makes - ATP
3
In ETC every FADH2 makes - ATP
2
How many NADH in ETC = how many ATP
10 NADH = 30 ATP
How many FADH2 in ETC = how many ATP
2 FADH2 = 4 ATP
How is total of 38 ATP derived in glycolysis
10 NADH in ETC = 30 2 FADH2 in ETC = 4 2 ATP in Glycolysis 2 ATP in Acetyl CoA formation = 38 ATP
What process replaces glycolysis in fat metabolism
Beta oxidation
What is a phosphorylation reaction
An exchange of phosphate groups
Either gaining or losing
Kinase always means a what
Phosphorylation reaction - so ATP or ADP is present somewhere
What allows sugar into cells
Glucose 4 transporters
How do you make citrate in citric acid cycle
Bind Acetyl CoA with oxaloacetate
How does Krebs cycle affect no of carbons that make up molecules in it
Reduces the carbons from 6 (citrate)round to 4 (oxaloacetate) over and over - Acetyl CoA at beginning to start it all off again and make citrate
8 molecules in Krebs cycle
Oxaloacetate Citrate Isocitrate Alpha-ketogluterate Succinyl CoA Succinate Fumerate Malate
Oxaloacetate
How many turns of Krebs for 1 glucose molecule
Twice - 1 for each Acetyl CoA
`where is FADH2 in krebs cycle
succinate>fumerate
where are 3 NADH in krebs
isocitrate>ketoglutinate
alpha-ketoglutinate> Succinyl coA
Malate > oxaloacetate
how many NADH made in krebs for each glucose molecule
6
how many FADH2 made in krebs for each glucose molecule
2
how many ATP made in krebs from each glucose molecule
2
how many NADH made in krebs for each Acetyl CoA
3
How many FADH2 in krebs for each Acetyl CoA
1
How many ATP made in krebs for each Acetyl CoA
1
which is the 5th and most important enzyme in ETC
ATP synthase
what role to NADH and FADH play in ETC
electron donors
what happens to NADH & FADH2 as they pass through ETC
get reduced - lose H+ ions
where do the H+ ions go as they are released through the ETC
into inter-membrane space
what happens in the inter0membrane space as ETC progresses
space becomes acidic and creates a gradient
how is ATP made via ATP synthase
via oxidative phosphorylation
binds with ADP & free phosphate after passing through ATP synthase
where does ETC occur
in mitochondrial matrix
what does pyruvate depend on to get into mitochondria
02
